Himalayan Journals, vol 2 by J. D. Hooker (great reads TXT) 📖
- Author: J. D. Hooker
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March 37 41.9 196
April 7 36.0 236
March and April 29 37.3 224
July 83 23.6 389
August 74 22.4 415
September 95 25.7 350
October 18 29.5 297
Sum 454 Mean 31.1 Mean 296 ft.These, it will be seen, give a result which approximates to that of the sets I and II. Being deduced from observations at different
exposures, the effects of these may be supposed to be eliminated.
It is to be observed that the probable results of the addition of
November and December's observations, would be balanced by those of May and June, which are hot moist months.
IV.--_Miscellaneous cold weather observations made at various
elevations between 1000 and 17,000 feet, during my journey into east Nepal and Sikkim, in November to January 1848 and 1849.
The equivalent to 1 degree Fahr. was deduced from the mean of all
the observations at each station, and these being arranged in sets
corresponding to their elevations, gave the following results._
Number of Number of EquivalentElevation Stations Observations 1 degree F.=
1,000 to 4,000 ft. 27 111 215 ft.
4,000 to 8,000 ft. 52 197 315
8,000 to 12,000 ft. 20 84 327
12,000 to 17,000 ft. 14 54 377
Sum 113 Sum 446 Mean 308 ft.The total number of comparative observations taken during that
journey, amounted to 563, and the mean equivalent was 1 degree=303
feet, but I rejected many of the observations that were obviously
unworthy of confidence.
V.--_Miscellaneous observations (chiefy during the rainy season)
taken during my journey into Sikkim and the frontier of Tibet,
between May 2nd and December 25th, 1848. The observations were
reduced as in the previous instance. The rains on this occasion were unusually protracted, and cannot be said to have ceased till
mid-winter, which partly accounts for the very high temperatures._
Number of Number of EquivalentElevation Stations Observations 1 degree F.=
1,000 to 4,000 ft. 10 45 422 ft.
4,000 to 8,000 ft. 21 283 336
8,000 to 12,000 ft. 18 343 355
12,000 to 17,000 ft. 29 219 417
Sum 78 Sum 890 Mean 383 ft.The great elevation of the temperature in the lowest elevations is
accounted for by the heating of the valleys wherein these
observations were taken, and especially of the rocks on their floors.
The increase with the elevation, of the three succeeding sets, arises from the fact that the loftier regions are far within the mountain
region, and are less forest clad and more sunny than the
outer Himalaya.
A considerable number of observations were taken during this journey at night, when none are recorded at Calcutta, but which are
comparable with contemporaneous observations taken by Mr. Muller at Dorjiling. These being all taken during the three most rainy months, when the temperature varies but very little during the whole
twenty-four hours, I expected satisfactory results, but they proved very irregular and anomalous.
The means were--
At 21 stations of greater elevation than Dorjiling 1 degree=348 ft.
At 17 stations lower in elevation 1 degree=447 ft.
VI.--_Sixty-four contemporaneous observations at Jillapahar, 7,430 feet, and the bed of the Great Rungeet river, 818 feet; taken in January and February, give 1 degree=322 feet.
VII.--_Observations taken by burying a thermometer two and a half to three feet deep, in a brass tube, at Dorjiling and at various
elevations near that station._
Month February and March
Upper Stations Jillapahar, 7,430 feet
Lower Stations Leebong, 6000 feet
1 degree= 269 feet
Month February
Upper Stations Jillapahar, 7,430 feet
Lower Stations Guard-house, Great Rungeet, 1,864 feet
1 degree= 298 feet
Month April
Upper Stations Leebong, 6000 feet
Lower Stations Guard-house, Great Rungeet, 1,864 feet
1 degree= 297 feet
Month April
Upper Stations Jillapahar, 7,430 feet
Lower Stations Khersiong, 4,813 feet
1 degree= 297 feet
Month March and April
Upper Stations Khersiong, 4,813 feet
Lower Stations Punkabaree, 1,850 feet
1 degree= 223 feet
Month March, April, May
Upper Stations Jillapahar, 7,430 feet
Lower Stations Punkabaree, 1,850 feet
1 degree= 253 feet
Mean 1 degree=273 feet
The above results would seem to indicate that up to an elevation
of 7,500 feet, the temperature diminishes rather more than 1 degree Fahr. for every 300 feet of ascent or thereabouts; that this
decrement is much leas in the summer than in the winter months; and I may add that it is less by day than by night. There is much
discrepancy between the results obtained at greater or less
elevations than 7000 feet; but a careful study of these, which I have arranged in every possible way, leads me to the conclusion that the proportion map be roughly indicated thus:--
1 degree=300 feet, for elevations from 1000 to 8000 feet.
1 degree=320 feet, for elevations from 8000 to 10,000 feet.
1 degree=350 feet, for elevations from 10,000 to 14,000 feet.
1 degree=400 feet, for elevations from 14,000 to 18,000 feet.
VIII.--Khasia mountain observations.
Churra Poonji
Date June 13 to 26
Calcutta Observations 86.3 degrees
Number of Observations 63
Churra Observations 70.1 degrees
Number of Observations 67
1 degree= 300 feet
Altitude above the Sea 4,069 feet
Date August 7 to September 4
Calcutta Observations 84.6 degrees
Number of Observations 196
Churra Observations 69.2 degrees
Number of Observations 214
1 degree= 331 feet
Altitude above the Sea 4,225 feet
Date October 29 to November 16
Calcutta Observations 80.7 degrees
Number of Observations 85
Churra Observations 63.1 degrees
Number of Observations 133
1 degree= 282 feet
Altitude above the Sea 4,225 feet
Total Calcutta Observations 354
Total Churra Observations 414
Mean 1 degree= 304 feet
Kala-panee
Date June, Aug., Sept.
Calcutta Observations 85.5 degrees
Number of Observations 35
Khasia Observations
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