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SOCRATES

 

BY

 

VOLTAIRE

 

Translated and adapted by

 

Frank J. Morlock

 

C 2000

 

CHARACTERS:

SOCRATES

ANITUS, High Priest

MELITUS, Athenian Judge

XANTIPPE, Wife of Socrates

AGLAEA, a young Athenian girl raised by Socrates

SOPHRONINE, a young Athenian boy raised by Socrates

DRIXA, a merchant woman attached to Anitus

TERPANDRE, attached to Anitus

ACROS, attached to Anitus

JUDGES

DISCIPLES OF SOCRATES

NONOTI, a pedant protected by Anitus

BERTIOS, another

CHOMOS, another

 

ACT I

 

ANITUS:

My dear confidants, my dear agents, you know how much money I made you

during the last festival of Ceres. I’m getting married and I hope you

will do your duty on this grand occasion.

 

DRIXA:

Yes, without doubt, Milord, since you are going to make us earn yet

more.

 

ANITUS:

Madame Drixa, I must have two beautiful Persian rugs. You, Terpandre,

of you I only ask two large silver candelabra. And of you, Acros, a

half dozen dresses of silk embroidered with gold.

 

TERPANDRE:

That’s a bit much; but Milord there’s nothing I won’t do to deserve

your holy protection.

 

ANITUS:

You will regain all that a hundred fold. It’s the best way to deserve

the favors of the gods and goddesses. Give much and you will receive

much; and especially don’t fail to arouse the people against all the

people of quality who do not vow enough, and who do not present

offerings.

 

ACROS:

We will never fail in that; it’s too sacred a duty not to be faithful

to it.

 

ANITUS:

Go, my dear friends. May the gods keep you in these sentiments, so

pious and just! And count on prospering, yourselves, your children and

your grandchildren.

 

TERPANDRE:

We are sure of that because you said it.

 

(Exit Terpandre and Acros)

 

ANITUS:

Well, my dear Madame Drixa, I think you don’t find it ill that I am

espousing Aglaea; but I don’t love you any less. We will live together

as usual.

 

DRIXA:

Oh! Milord, I am not jealous; and since business is going so well I am

very satisfied. Since I have the honor of being one of your

mistresses, I have enjoyed great consideration in Athens. If you love

Aglaea, I love the young Sophronine. And Xantippe, the wife of

Socrates has promised to give him to me in marriage. You will still

have the same rights over me. I am only annoyed that this young man

may be raised by that villainous Socrates, and that Aglaea may yet be

in his clutches. They must be gotten out of them as quickly as

possible. Xantippe will be enchanted to be rid of them. The handsome

Sophronine and the beautiful Aglaea are very ill in Socrates hands.

 

ANITUS:

I really flatter myself, my dear Madame Drixa, that Melitus and I will

ruin that dangerous man, who preaches nothing but virtue and divinity

and who has dared to mock certain intrigues that happened at the

Mysteries of Ceres. But Socrates is the tutor of Aglaea. Agathon,

Aglaea’s father, they say has left her great wealth. Aglaea is

adorable. I idolize Aglaea. I must marry Aglaea and I must deal

tactfully with Socrates while waiting to hang him.

 

DRIXA:

Deal tactfully with Socrates in order that I may have my young man.

But why did Agathon allow his daughter into the clutches of that old,

flat nosed Socrates, that insufferable fault-finder who corrupts the

young and prevents them from frequenting courtesans and the holy

mysteries?

 

ANITUS:

Agathon was infatuated with the same principles. He was one of those

sober and serious types who have different morals from ours; who are

from another country, and who are our sworn enemies, who think they’ve

fulfilled all their duties when they’ve adored divinity, helped

humanity, cultivated friendship and studied philosophy; one of those

folks who insolently pretend that the gods have not inscribed the

future in the liver of an ox; one of those pitiless dialecticians who

find fault with priests for sacrificing their daughters or spending

the night with them, as needs be. You feel they are monsters fit only

to be choked. If there were only five or six sages in Athens who had

as much credit as he, that would be enough to deprive me of most of my

income and honors.

 

DRIXA:

The Devil! Now that’s really serious.

 

ANITUS:

While waiting to strangle him, I am going to speak with him under the

porticoes and conclude this business with him about my marriage.

 

DRIXA:

Here he is: you do him too much honor. I am going to leave you and I

am going to speak about my young man to Xantippe.

 

ANITUS:

The gods accompany you, my darling Drixa. Serve them always and beware

of believing in only one God, and don’t forget my two beautiful

Persian rugs.

 

(Enter Socrates)

 

Eh! Hello, my dear Socrates, the favorite of the gods and the wisest

of mortals. I feel I am raised above myself every time I see you and

in you, I respect Human Nature.

 

SOCRATES:

I am a simple man destitute of sciences and full of weakness like the

rest. It’s much if you support me.

 

ANITUS:

Support you! I admire you; I would like to resemble you if it were

possible. And it is in order to be a more frequent witness to your

virtues, to hear your lessons more often, that I wish to marry your

beautiful pupil Aglaea whose destiny depends on you.

 

SOCRATES:

It’s true that her father, Agathon, who was my friend, that is to say

much more than just a relative, confided to me by his will this

amiable and virtuous orphan.

 

ANITUS:

With considerable riches? For they say it’s the best part of Athens.

 

SOCRATES:

On that subject, I can give you no enlightenment; her father, that

kind friend whose wishes are sacred to me, forbade me by that same

will, to divulge the condition of his daughter’s fortune.

 

ANITUS:

That respect for the last wishes of a friend, and that discretion are

worthy of your beautiful soul. But people know well enough that

Agathon was a rich man.

 

SOCRATES:

He deserved to be, if riches are a favor of the Supreme Being.

 

ANITUS:

They say that a little hare-brain named Sophronine, is paying court to

her on account of her fortune. But I am persuaded that you will show

the door to such a character, and that a man like me won’t have a

rival.

 

SOCRATES:

I know what I must think of a man like you: but it’s not for me to

obstruct Aglaea’s feelings. I serve her as her father; I am not her

master. She must dispose of her heart. I regard constraint as a crime.

Speak to her: If she listens to your propositions, I will consent to

her will.

 

ANITUS:

I’ve already got the consent of Xantippe, your wife; without doubt she

is informed of Aglaea’s feelings; so I regard the thing as done.

 

SOCRATES:

I cannot regard things as done until they are.

 

(Aglaea enters)

 

Come beautiful Aglaea, come decide your fate. Here’s a gentleman,

priest of high rank, the leading priest in Athens, who offers himself

to be your spouse. I leave you complete liberty to explain things with

him. That liberty will not be constrained by my presence. Whatever

choice you make I will approve. Xantippe will prepare everything for

your wedding.

 

(Socrates leaves)

 

AGLAEA:

Ah, generous Socrates it’s with great regret I see you leave.

 

ANITUS:

It seems, amiable Aglaea, that you have great confidence in the good

Socrates.

 

AGLAEA:

I owe it to him; he’s serving as my father and he forms my soul.

 

ANITUS:

Well! If he directs your feelings, could you tell me what you think of

Ceres, of Cybele, of Venus?

 

AGLAEA:

Alas! I will; whatever you wish.

 

ANITUS:

That’s well said: you will also do what I wish.

 

AGLAEA:

No. That’s much different from the other.

 

ANITUS:

You see that the wise Socrates consents to our union. Xantippe, his

wife, presses for this marriage. You know what feelings you have

inspired in me. You know my rank and my reputation. You see that my

happiness and perhaps yours depends on a word from your mouth.

 

AGLAEA:

I am going to respond to you with the truth which that great man who

just left here instructed me never to dissemble, and with the liberty

that he left me. I respect your dignity; I know little of your person

and I cannot give myself to you.

 

ANITUS:

You cannot! You who are free! Ah, Aglaea, you don’t wish it then?

 

AGLAEA:

It’s true that I don’t wish it.

 

ANITUS:

Are you really aware of the affront you are giving me? I see very

clearly that Socrates has betrayed me. It’s he who is dictating your

response. It’s he who is giving preference to this young Sophronine,

to my unworthy rival, to that impious—

 

AGLAEA:

Sophronine is not impious; he’s been attached to him since childhood.

Socrates serves as a father to him as to me. Sophronine is full of

grace and virtue. I love him and I am loved by him. He clings only to

me to be his wife. But I will no more have him than you.

 

ANITUS:

All that you tell me astonishes me. What! You dare to admit to me that

you love Sophronine?

 

AGLAEA:

Yes, I dare confess to you because nothing is more true.

 

ANITUS:

And when he demands that you be happy with him, you refuse his hand?

 

AGLAEA:

Again, nothing is more true.

 

ANITUS:

Doubtless it’s fear of displeasing me that delays your engagement to

him?

 

AGLAEA:

Assuredly no. Never having sought to please you, I do not at all fear

displeasing you.

 

ANITUS:

Then you fear to offend the gods by preferring a profane man like this

Sophronine to a minister of the altars?

 

AGLAEA:

Not at all; I am persuaded that the Supreme Being cares very little

whether I marry you or not.

 

ANITUS:

The Supreme Being! My dear girl,