Network Terms to Learn by Kalai Selvi Arivalagan (short books to read txt) 📖

on the customer's home or business. When the antenna picks up a radio signal, it forwards the signal wirelessly to a special type of modem that converts the radio waves into WiFi signals.

As 5G coverage expands, FWA is expected to provide ISPs with a cost-effective alternative to DSL, fiber optics and cable, especially in geographical locations where it has been cost-prohibitive for ISPs to lay cable or fiber. Because FWA can provide high speeds with low latency, it's expected to compete with satellite connections in many parts of the world and help reduce the digital divide now that 97% of the world's population lives within reach of a mobile cellular signal.

 

Software as a Service (SaaS)

 

Software as a service (SaaS) is a software distribution model that delivers application programs over the Internet. End users can access SaaS cloud apps with a web browser. The SaaS provider is responsible for hosting and maintaining the application throughout its lifecycle.

 

Advantages to using the SaaS delivery model include:

 

Clients can easily access the software from multiple computing devices.
     Updates and patches can be applied automatically without client assistance.
     Application access, as well as storage to support application use, can be sold on a subscription basis.
     SaaS is also known as hosted software or on-demand software.

Term of the day - 16

Zero-Day Exploit

A zero-day exploit involves targeting specific computer vulnerabilities in tandem with a general announcement that identifies the explicit security vulnerability within a software program. When software vulnerability is identified, information about its nature is relayed to a specific person or software company and a secure remedy is urgently implemented. It is during this precious time period that an attack may occur should the vulnerability be announced to the entire public. The time involved it takes to combat the problem may be longer than it takes to spread the word about it, providing a tip to hackers who may be on the lookout for this type of opportunity.

 

Cryptojacking

Cryptojacking is the unauthorized use of computing resources to mine cryptocurrencies. The idea is that a smart system can utilize the resources of visiting devices or end users to contribute to bitcoin mining or other similar mining efforts. The use of cryptojacking is spurring enormous controversy over the appropriate use of shared resources and interactions between digital parties.  Cryptojacking is also known as cryptomining malware.

 

Initial Coin Offering

An initial coin offering (ICO) in the world of cryptocurrency defines an event by which a community raises funds for a new cryptocurrency project. It is like the cryptocurrency version of an IPO without much of the regulation and process that accompanies similar efforts within the regulated financial world.

 

AdaBoost

AdaBoost is a type of algorithm that uses an ensemble learning approach to weight various inputs. It was designed by Yoav Freund and Robert Schapire in the early 21st century. It has now become somewhat of a go-to method for different kinds of boosting in machine learning paradigms.

 

InfiniBand

InfiniBand is an input/output (I/O) architecture and high-performance specification for data transmission between high-speed, low latency and highly-scalable CPUs, processors and storage. InfiniBand uses a switched fabric network topology implementation, where devices are interconnected using one or more network switches. The overall throughput of this typology exceeds that of popular broadcast mediums, such as Ethernet.  The maximum speed is currently around 40 Gbits/s, but the system is layerable to provide higher speeds for supercomputer interconnectivity.

 

Machine Vision System

A machine vision system (MVS) is a type of technology that enables a computing device to inspect, evaluate and identify still or moving images. It is a field in computer vision and is quite similar to surveillance cameras, but provides automatic image capturing, evaluation and processing capabilities.

 

Hadoop Cluster

A Hadoop cluster is a hardware cluster used to facilitate utilization of open-source Hadoop technology for data handling. The cluster consists of a group of nodes, which are processes running on either a physical or virtual machine. The Hadoop cluster works in coordination to deal with unstructured data and produce data results.

 

Data Protection Officer

A data protection officer (DPO) is a position within a company that is responsible for certain data compliance standards. In many ways, the position of data protection officer was created by a European Union regulation called the General Data Protection Regulation – however, data protection officers may have other responsibilities in addition to enforcing compliance with GDPR.

 

Piggybacking

In the context of computer science and digital communications, "piggybacking" refers to a situation where an unauthorized party gains access to some system in connection with an authorized party. This can happen in several ways, including piggybacking on public wireless networks, and piggybacking into a password-protected system.

 

Expert Automation and Augmentation Software

Expert Automation and Augmentation Software (EAAS) is a type of software resource that works on the process of automating highly cognitive behaviors or tasks. These types of software programs and systems are said to be taking over the work of semi-skilled white-collar workers in the knowledge economy.

 

Insuretech

The word "insuretech" is a portmanteau of the words "insurance" and "technology". It represents the intersection of insurance and technology in nearly any form. Insuretech is a useful word in the insurance industry as, like other industries, insurance becomes more reliant on digital platforms and tools.

 

Wasserstein GAN

The Wasserstein GAN (WGAN) is an algorithm introduced in a paper written by Martin Arjovsky, Soumith Chintala and Léon Bottou at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences. The paper examines methods for unsupervised learning, and provides part of the roadmap for dealing with the pursuit of certain outcomes in machine learning projects.

 

Machine Authentication

Machine authentication is the process of general authentication of a machine over wired or wireless networks when the machine is a “supplicant” seeking to access or share information or accomplish some other type of digital interaction. Machine authentication happens in different ways in various IT setups, but generally involves a “digital certificate” such as in the SSL protocol used on the internet.  Machine authentication is also known simply as machine auth.

 

Hold Down Timer

A hold down timer is a technique used by routers. When a router receives a notification about an offline route or node, the router will initiate a hold down timer allowing the offline router to recover and not update its routing table until the time expires. The router starts a hold down timer as soon as it receives an update that a specific network, node, path or router is unreachable. During this time it will not accept any update from the neighbors falling on that route.

 

Neural Turing Machine

A neural Turing machine (NTM) is a technology that uses neural network methodologies to achieve the capability to verify algorithms and do other computational work. It is based on the mid-20th century work of renowned data scientist Alan Turing.

 

Artificial Neuron

An artificial neuron is a digital construct that seeks to simulate the behavior of a biological neuron in the brain. Artificial neurons are typically used to make up an artificial neural network – these technologies are modeled after human brain activity.

 

Deconvolutional Neural Network

A deconvolutional neural network is a neural network that performs an inverse convolution model. Some experts refer to the work of a deconvolutional neural network as constructing layers from an image in an upward direction, while others describe deconvolutional models as “reverse engineering” the input parameters of a convolutional neural network model.  Deconvolutional neural networks are also known as deconvolutional networks, deconvs or transposed convolutional neural networks.

 

Validation Set

In machine learning, a validation set is used to “tune the parameters” of a classifier. The validation test evaluates the program’s capability according to the variation of parameters to see how it might function in successive testing.  The validation set is also known as a validation data set, development set or dev set.

 

ALOHA

ALOHA was a pioneering networking system developed at the University of Hawaii in 1971 as a first demonstration of wireless networks. It used a medium access method along with experimental UHF frequencies. ALOHA served as the basis for the development of Ethernet and Wi-Fi networking. This term is also known as ALOHAnet.

 

Abstract Syntax Notation One

Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) is a standard or language defined in 1984 for data structures representing, encoding, decoding and transmitting data. They encapsulate a set of formal rules describing the structure of objects independent of a machine specific encoding mechanism. It also removes ambiguities.

 

Defect Analysis

Defect analysis is part of the continuous quality improvement planing in which defects are classified into different categories and are also used to identify the possible causes in order to prevent the problems from occurring.  It helps projects to identify how issues can be prevented and in reducing or eliminating significant numbers of defects from being injected into the system.

 

Encryption Key

An encryption key is a random string of bits created explicitly for scrambling and unscrambling data. Encryption keys are designed with algorithms intended to ensure that every key is unpredictable and unique.  The longer the key built in this manner, the harder it is to crack the encryption code. An encryption key is used to encrypt, decrypt, or carry out both functions, based on the sort of encryption software used.

 

Virtual Disaster Recovery

Virtual disaster recovery is a combination of storage and server virtualization that helps to create more effective means of disaster recovery and backup. It is now popular in many enterprise systems because of the many ways that it helps to mitigate risk.

 

Bitcoin Mining

Bitcoin mining is the process of creating, or rather discovering, bitcoin currency. Unlike real-world money that is printed when more is needed, bitcoin cannot simply be willed into existence, but has to be mined through mathematical processes. Bitcoin maintains a public ledger that contains past transactions, and mining is the process of adding new transactions to this ledger.

 

Smart Grid

A smart grid is an electricity network based on digital technology that is used to supply electricity to consumers via two-way digital communication. This system allows for monitoring, analysis, control and communication within the supply chain to help improve efficiency, reduce energy consumption and cost, and maximize the transparency and reliability of the energy supply chain. The smart grid was introduced with the aim of overcoming the weaknesses of conventional electrical grids by using smart net meters.  Many government institutions around the world have been encouraging the use of smart grids for their potential to control and deal with global warming, emergency resilience and energy independence scenarios.

 

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is a designation for certain kinds of hardware and other electrical appliances covered by a European Community law called the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive. This legislation helps to maintain better control systems for the disposal and reuse of electrical/electronic appliances, parts or systems, which can have a drastic effect on the environment if they are disposed of improperly.

 

White Hat Hacker

A white hat hacker is a computer security specialist who breaks into protected systems and networks to test and asses their security. White hat hackers use their skills to improve security by exposing vulnerabilities before malicious hackers (known as black hat hackers) can detect and exploit them. Although the methods used are similar, if not identical, to those employed by malicious hackers, white hat hackers have permission to employ them against the organization that has hired them.

 

Extreme Programming

Extreme Programming (XP) is an intense, disciplined and agile software development methodology focusing on coding within each software development life cycle (SDLC) stage.