tag="{http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}a">315-320, 322;
brushes, 188;
diseases of, 157, 178, 187, 189, 190, 191, 193.
See also Wastes.
Skull, 212.
Sleep, 232, 233.
Smallpox, 287, 295-299.
Smoking.
See Tobacco.
Snake-bite, 327.
Soaps, 11, 186, 187, 190.
Socket.
See Orbit.
Soda water, 11, 57.
Soup, 26, 31.
Spinal column, 212, 213;
curvatures of, 229;
tuberculosis of, 157.
Spinal cord, 212, 220-223, 300.
Spitting, 159, 160.
Sprains, 323, 324.
Sputum, infection from, 158, 159, 166.
Starch,
as fuel, 24, 27, 41;
compared with sugar, 49;
digestion of, 11, 12, 16, 17, 41, 42;
in foods, 24, 31, 40, 41, 42-44, 48, 57, 59, 60;
teeth and, 283.
Starch-Sugars, 27, 31, 42.
State control of health, 122.
Sterilizing, 304.
Stirrup, 267.
Stomach, 7, 13-15;
and nervous system, 227.
See also 4-6, 8, 10
note, 12, 204.
Stradivarius, 274.
Strawberries, 26, 58, 59.
Study, how to, 248, 249.
Sugar,
digested starch, 11, 12, 16, 17, 41, 42;
fuel value of, 27, 49, 50, 52, 208;
in digestion, 198;
in foods, 30, 36, 48, 49, 57-60;
teeth and, 283.
Sulphur,
as a disinfectant, 306;
in cabbage, 60;
in water, 77.
Sulphuric acid, 11.
Sunburn, 190.
Sweat, 11
note, 132, 133, 170, 181-184, 208.
Synovial fluid, 214.
Tannin, 91, 93.
Tattooing, 169.
Tea, 26, 89, 90-93.
Teeth, 7, 277-282;
care of, 282-285;
infection from, 141, 285.
Temperance, 101-103.
See also Alcohol.
Tendons, 117, 203, 207, 208.
Tetanus, 288, 295.
Thein, 91.
Theobromin, 91.
Thigh, 207, 208.
Thirst, 71.
Tibia, 213.
Tissues, 18.
See also Cells.
Tobacco, 103-107;
and heart, 128, 129;
and nervous system, 239.
Tomatoes, 60, 61.
Tongue, 7, 9, 10, 257, 259.
Tonsil, 256.
Tourniquet, 321.
Toxins, 22.
Trachea, 134.
See also Windpipe.
Triceps, 206.
Trypsin, 16.
Tubercle bacillus, 157, 158;
toxin of, 164.
Tuberculin test, 164.
Tuberculosis,
deaths from, 156;
effects of, 123, 201;
expense of, 158, 161;
kinds of, 152-154, 157;
prevention and cure of, 157-164, 309;
symptoms of, 164, 165.
Turner, 147.
Turnips, 60.
Tympanum, 257, 267, 268.
Typhoid,
bacillus of, 286, 295;
effect of, on heart, 125;
from milk, 37, 38;
from water, 79-81;
in Germany, 80.
See also 201, 309.
Ulna, 213.
Urates, 199.
Urea, 199, 200.
Ureters, 200.
Urinary system, 200.
Urine, 11
note, 132, 200, 201.
Vaccination, 295-299.
Vaccine.
See Antitoxin.
Vaccinia, 299.
Vacuum,
process, of cleaning, 153, 154;
of milking, 36.
Valves,
of heart and veins, 116-118;
disease of heart, 123, 124-126.
Vegetables,
fuel value of, 26, 31, 32, 40, 56, 57, 58;
in diet, 23-25, 59, 201;
salts in, 57, 59;
water in, 56, 72.
Veins,
denned, 108;
function of, 110-113;
position of, 113.
See also 9, 17.
Vena cava, in, 113, 115, 116, 118, 119, 200.
Ventilation,
diseases from poor, 154;
methods of, 144-149;
need of, 141-143.
Ventricle, 115, 116, 117, 118.
Vertebrae, 212.
Vitreous humor, 260.
Vitriol.
See Sulphuric acid.
Vocal cords, 272-275.
Voice, 271-276.
Warts, 195.
Wastes,
disposal of, 75-77, 78, 79;
in the body, 70, 71, 196, 208.
Water,
body's need of, 69-71, 201;
boiled, 87, 88;
carbon dioxid in, 74, 83;
filtration of, 74, 75, 83, 85, 86, 88;
in food, 71, 72;
marsh, 74;
minerals in, 75, 77, 83;
natural purifiers of, 72, 74-79, 86, 87;
rain, 73;
sources of impurities in, 72-80;
supply 75, 79-86;
when and how to drink, 15, 57.
Water-brash, 13.
Wells,
artesian, 81-83, 86;
dangers to, 75-77, 78, 79;
permanent, 83.
Wheat, 27, 31;
fermented, 94;
food value of, 42;
whole, 46.
Whiskey, 94, 95.
See also Alcohol, Beverages.
White matter, 219, 221.
White swelling, 157.
Whooping cough, 290, 291.
Windpipe, 134-136, 271, 272.
Wine, 94.
See also Alcohol.
Wings, 254.
Wounds, treatment of, 315-319.
Yale.
See Seaver.
Yeast,
as leavening, 43-45;
in making alcohol, 93, 94, 309.
Yellow fever, 287.
FOOTNOTES
[1]
The term salts includes, as will be explained later, a large number of substances, like ordinary table salt, baking soda, and the laxative salts.
[2]
There are three pairs of these: one just below the ears and behind the angles of the jaw, known as the parotid; one under the middle of the lower jaw known as the submaxillary; and a small pair just under the tip of the tongue, called the sublingual. These glands have grown up from the very simplest of beginnings. At first there was just a little pocketing or pouching down of the mucous lining, like the finger of a glove; then a couple of smaller hollow fingers budded off from the bottom of the first finger; then four smaller fingers from the bottom of these; and so on, until a regular little hollow tree or shrub of these tiny tubes was built up, all discharging through the original hollow stem, which has now become what we call the duct of the gland. Every secreting gland in the body—the stomach (or peptic) glands, the salivary glands, the liver, the pancreas—is built up upon this simple plan. The saliva and the juice of the pancreas and that of the liver (bile) are alkaline, as are also the blood and most juices of the body. The stomach juice is acid, as also are the urine and the perspiration.
[3]
It is wonderfully elastic and constantly changing in size, contracting till it will scarcely hold a quart when empty, and expanding, as food or drink is put into it, until it will easily hold two quarts, or even a gallon or more when greatly distended, as by gas.
[4]
If you take some pepsin which has been extracted from the stomach of a pig or a calf, melt it in water in a glass tube, then drop one or two little pieces of meat or hard-boiled white of egg into it, you can see them slowly melt away like sugar in a cup of coffee. If you add a few drops of hydrochloric acid, the melting will go on much faster; and if you warm up the tube to about the heat of the body, it will proceed faster still. So nature knew just what she was doing when she provided pepsin and acid and warmth in the stomach.
[5]
The liver and the bile are more fully described in chapter XVII.
[6]
Tiny plant cells, known also as germs, which cause fermentation, decay, and many diseases.
[7]
On this account, they are often spoken of as carbohydrates, or "carbon-water stuffs."
[8]
See page 11.
[9]
Pemmican is a sort of "canned beef" made originally out of the best parts of venison and buffalo-meat. This is boiled, and packed into skin bags; then melted fat is poured in, so as to fill up all the chinks and form a thick layer over the surface. It
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