The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark by George MacDonald (read out loud books .TXT) 📖
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student.
Doubtless many will consider not a few of the notes unnecessary. But what may be unnecessary to one, may be welcome to another, and it is impossible to tell what a student may or may not know. At the same time those form a large class who imagine they know a thing when they do not understand it enough to see there is a difficulty in it: to such, an attempt at explanation must of course seem foolish.
A number in the margin refers to a passage of the play or in the notes, and is the number of the page where the passage is to be found. If the student finds, for instance, against a certain line upon page 8, the number 12, and turns to page 12, he will there find the number 8 against a certain line: the two lines or passages are to be compared, and will be found in some way parallel, or mutually explanatory.
Wherever I refer to the Quarto, I intend the 2nd Quarto-that is Shakspere's own authorized edition, published in his life-time. Where occasionally I refer to the surreptitious edition, the mere inchoation of the drama, I call it, as it is, the 1st Quarto .
Any word or phrase or stage-direction in the 2nd Quarto differing from that in the Folio, is placed on the margin in a line with the other: choice between them I generally leave to my student. Omissions are mainly given as footnotes. Each edition does something to correct the errors of the other.
I beg my companion on this journey to let Hamlet reveal himself in the play, to observe him as he assumes individuality by the concretion of characteristics. I warn him that any popular notion concerning him which he may bring with him, will be only obstructive to a perception of the true idea of the grandest of all Shakspere's presentations.
It will amuse this and that man to remark how often I speak of Hamlet as if he were a real man and not the invention of Shakspere-for indeed the Hamlet of the old story is no more that of Shakspere than a lump of coal is a diamond; but I imagine, if he tried the thing himself, he would find it hardly possible to avoid so speaking, and at the same time say what he had to say.
I give hearty thanks to the press-reader, a gentleman whose name I do not know, not only for keen watchfulness over the printing-difficulties of the book, but for saving me from several blunders in derivation.
BORDIGHERA: December , 1884.
[Transcriber's Note: In the paper original, each left-facing page contained the text of the play, with sidenotes and footnote references, and the corresponding right-facing page contained the footnotes themselves and additional commentary. In this electronic text, the play-text pages are numbered (contrary to custom in electronic texts), to allow use of the cross-references provided in the sidenotes and footnotes. In the play text, sidenotes towards the left of the page are those marginal cross-references described earlier, and sidenotes toward the right of the page are the differences noted a few paragraphs later.]
[Page 1]
THE TRAGEDIE
OF
HAMLET
PRINCE OF DENMARKE.
[Page 2]
ACTUS PRIMUS.
Enter Barnardo and Francisco two Centinels [1].
Barnardo. Who's there?
Fran. [2] Nay answer me: Stand and vnfold yourselfe.
Bar. Long liue the King.[3]
Fran. Barnardo?
Bar. He.
Fran. You come most carefully vpon your houre.
Bar. 'Tis now strook twelue, get thee to bed Francisco .
Fran. For this releefe much thankes: 'Tis [Sidenote: 42] bitter cold, And I am sicke at heart.[4]
Barn. Haue you had quiet Guard?[5]
Fran. Not a Mouse stirring.
Barn. Well, goodnight. If you do meet Horatio and
Marcellus , the Riuals[6] of my Watch, bid them make hast.
Enter Horatio and Marcellus.
Fran. I thinke I heare them. Stand: who's there?
[Sidenote: Stand ho, who is there?]
Hor. Friends to this ground.
Mar. And Leige-men to the Dane.
Fran. Giue you good night.
Mar. O farwel honest Soldier, who hath [Sidenote: souldiers] relieu'd you?
[Footnote 1: -meeting. Almost dark.]
[Footnote 2: -on the post, and with the right of challenge.]
[Footnote 3: The watchword.]
[Footnote 4: The key-note to the play-as in Macbeth : 'Fair is foul and foul is fair.' The whole nation is troubled by late events at court.]
[Footnote 5: -thinking of the apparition.]
[Footnote 6: Companions .]
[Page 4]
Fra. Barnardo ha's my place: giue you good-night. [Sidenote: hath]
Exit Fran.
Mar. Holla Barnardo .
Bar. Say, what is Horatio there?
Hor. A peece of him.
Bar. Welcome Horatio , welcome good Marcellus .
Mar. What, ha's this thing appear'd againe to [Sidenote: Hor .[1]] night.
Bar. I haue seene nothing.
Mar. Horatio saies, 'tis but our Fantasie, And will not let beleefe take hold of him Touching this dreaded sight, twice seene of vs, Therefore I haue intreated him along With vs, to watch the minutes of this Night, That if againe this Apparition come, [Sidenote: 6] He may approue our eyes, and speake to it.[2]
Hor. Tush, tush, 'twill not appeare.
Bar. Sit downe a-while, And let vs once againe assaile your eares, That are so fortified against our Story, What we two Nights haue seene. [Sidenote: have two nights seen]
Hor. Well, sit we downe, And let vs heare Barnardo speake of this.
Barn. Last night of all, When yond same Starre that's Westward from the Pole Had made his course t'illume that part of Heauen Where now it burnes, Marcellus and my selfe, The Bell then beating one.[3]
Mar. Peace, breake thee of: Enter the Ghost . [Sidenote: Enter Ghost] Looke where it comes againe.
Barn. In the same figure, like the King that's dead.
[Footnote 1: Better, I think; for the tone is scoffing, and Horatio is the incredulous one who has not seen it.]
[Footnote 2: -being a scholar, and able to address it as an apparition ought to be addressed-Marcellus thinking, perhaps, with others, that a ghost required Latin.]
[Footnote 3: 1st Q. 'towling one.]
[Page 6]
[Sidenote: 4] Mar. Thou art a Scholler; speake to it Horatio.
Barn. Lookes it not like the King? Marke it Horatio .
[Sidenote: Looks a not]
Hora. Most like: It harrowes me with fear and wonder.
[Sidenote: horrowes[1]]
Barn. It would be spoke too.[2]
Mar. Question it Horatio. [Sidenote: Speak to it Horatio ]
Hor. What art thou that vsurp'st this time of night,[3] Together with that Faire and Warlike forme[4] In which the Maiesty of buried Denmarke Did sometimes[5] march: By Heauen I charge thee speake.
Mar. It is offended.[6]
Barn. See, it stalkes away.
Hor. Stay: speake; speake: I Charge thee, speake.
Exit the Ghost. [Sidenote: Exit Ghost. ]
Mar. 'Tis gone, and will not answer.
Barn. How now Horatio ? You tremble and look pale: Is not this something more then Fantasie? What thinke you on't?
Hor. Before my God, I might not this beleeue Without the sensible and true auouch Of mine owne eyes.
Mar. Is it not like the King?
Hor. As thou art to thy selfe, Such was the very Armour he had on, When th' Ambitious Norwey combatted: [Sidenote: when he the ambitious] So frown'd he once, when in an angry parle He smot the sledded Pollax on the Ice.[8] [Sidenote: sleaded[7]] 'Tis strange.
[Sidenote: 274] Mar. Thus twice before, and iust at this dead houre,
[Sidenote: and jump at this]
[Footnote 1: 1st Q . 'horrors mee'.]
[Footnote 2: A ghost could not speak, it was believed, until it was spoken to.]
[Footnote 3: It was intruding upon the realm of the embodied.]
[Footnote 4: None of them took it as certainly the late king: it was only clear to them that it was like him. Hence they say, 'usurp'st the forme.']
[Footnote 5: formerly .]
[Footnote 6: -at the word usurp'st .]
[Footnote 7: Also 1st Q .]
[Footnote 8: The usual interpretation is 'the sledged Poles'; but not to mention that in a parley such action would have been treacherous, there is another far more picturesque, and more befitting the angry parle , at the same time more characteristic and forcible: the king in his anger smote his loaded pole-axe on the ice. There is some uncertainty about the word sledded or sleaded (which latter suggests lead ), but we have the word sledge and sledge-hammer , the smith's heaviest, and the phrase, 'a sledging blow.' The quarrel on the occasion referred to rather seems with the Norwegians (See Schmidt's Shakespeare-Lexicon: Sledded .) than with the Poles; and there would be no doubt as to the latter interpretation being the right one, were it not that the Polacke , for the Pole, or nation of the Poles, does occur in the play. That is, however, no reason why the Dane should not have carried a pole-axe, or caught one from the hand of an attendant. In both our authorities, and in the 1st Q . also, the word is pollax -as in Chaucer's Knights Tale : 'No maner schot, ne pollax, ne schort knyf,'-in the
Doubtless many will consider not a few of the notes unnecessary. But what may be unnecessary to one, may be welcome to another, and it is impossible to tell what a student may or may not know. At the same time those form a large class who imagine they know a thing when they do not understand it enough to see there is a difficulty in it: to such, an attempt at explanation must of course seem foolish.
A number in the margin refers to a passage of the play or in the notes, and is the number of the page where the passage is to be found. If the student finds, for instance, against a certain line upon page 8, the number 12, and turns to page 12, he will there find the number 8 against a certain line: the two lines or passages are to be compared, and will be found in some way parallel, or mutually explanatory.
Wherever I refer to the Quarto, I intend the 2nd Quarto-that is Shakspere's own authorized edition, published in his life-time. Where occasionally I refer to the surreptitious edition, the mere inchoation of the drama, I call it, as it is, the 1st Quarto .
Any word or phrase or stage-direction in the 2nd Quarto differing from that in the Folio, is placed on the margin in a line with the other: choice between them I generally leave to my student. Omissions are mainly given as footnotes. Each edition does something to correct the errors of the other.
I beg my companion on this journey to let Hamlet reveal himself in the play, to observe him as he assumes individuality by the concretion of characteristics. I warn him that any popular notion concerning him which he may bring with him, will be only obstructive to a perception of the true idea of the grandest of all Shakspere's presentations.
It will amuse this and that man to remark how often I speak of Hamlet as if he were a real man and not the invention of Shakspere-for indeed the Hamlet of the old story is no more that of Shakspere than a lump of coal is a diamond; but I imagine, if he tried the thing himself, he would find it hardly possible to avoid so speaking, and at the same time say what he had to say.
I give hearty thanks to the press-reader, a gentleman whose name I do not know, not only for keen watchfulness over the printing-difficulties of the book, but for saving me from several blunders in derivation.
BORDIGHERA: December , 1884.
[Transcriber's Note: In the paper original, each left-facing page contained the text of the play, with sidenotes and footnote references, and the corresponding right-facing page contained the footnotes themselves and additional commentary. In this electronic text, the play-text pages are numbered (contrary to custom in electronic texts), to allow use of the cross-references provided in the sidenotes and footnotes. In the play text, sidenotes towards the left of the page are those marginal cross-references described earlier, and sidenotes toward the right of the page are the differences noted a few paragraphs later.]
[Page 1]
THE TRAGEDIE
OF
HAMLET
PRINCE OF DENMARKE.
[Page 2]
ACTUS PRIMUS.
Enter Barnardo and Francisco two Centinels [1].
Barnardo. Who's there?
Fran. [2] Nay answer me: Stand and vnfold yourselfe.
Bar. Long liue the King.[3]
Fran. Barnardo?
Bar. He.
Fran. You come most carefully vpon your houre.
Bar. 'Tis now strook twelue, get thee to bed Francisco .
Fran. For this releefe much thankes: 'Tis [Sidenote: 42] bitter cold, And I am sicke at heart.[4]
Barn. Haue you had quiet Guard?[5]
Fran. Not a Mouse stirring.
Barn. Well, goodnight. If you do meet Horatio and
Marcellus , the Riuals[6] of my Watch, bid them make hast.
Enter Horatio and Marcellus.
Fran. I thinke I heare them. Stand: who's there?
[Sidenote: Stand ho, who is there?]
Hor. Friends to this ground.
Mar. And Leige-men to the Dane.
Fran. Giue you good night.
Mar. O farwel honest Soldier, who hath [Sidenote: souldiers] relieu'd you?
[Footnote 1: -meeting. Almost dark.]
[Footnote 2: -on the post, and with the right of challenge.]
[Footnote 3: The watchword.]
[Footnote 4: The key-note to the play-as in Macbeth : 'Fair is foul and foul is fair.' The whole nation is troubled by late events at court.]
[Footnote 5: -thinking of the apparition.]
[Footnote 6: Companions .]
[Page 4]
Fra. Barnardo ha's my place: giue you good-night. [Sidenote: hath]
Exit Fran.
Mar. Holla Barnardo .
Bar. Say, what is Horatio there?
Hor. A peece of him.
Bar. Welcome Horatio , welcome good Marcellus .
Mar. What, ha's this thing appear'd againe to [Sidenote: Hor .[1]] night.
Bar. I haue seene nothing.
Mar. Horatio saies, 'tis but our Fantasie, And will not let beleefe take hold of him Touching this dreaded sight, twice seene of vs, Therefore I haue intreated him along With vs, to watch the minutes of this Night, That if againe this Apparition come, [Sidenote: 6] He may approue our eyes, and speake to it.[2]
Hor. Tush, tush, 'twill not appeare.
Bar. Sit downe a-while, And let vs once againe assaile your eares, That are so fortified against our Story, What we two Nights haue seene. [Sidenote: have two nights seen]
Hor. Well, sit we downe, And let vs heare Barnardo speake of this.
Barn. Last night of all, When yond same Starre that's Westward from the Pole Had made his course t'illume that part of Heauen Where now it burnes, Marcellus and my selfe, The Bell then beating one.[3]
Mar. Peace, breake thee of: Enter the Ghost . [Sidenote: Enter Ghost] Looke where it comes againe.
Barn. In the same figure, like the King that's dead.
[Footnote 1: Better, I think; for the tone is scoffing, and Horatio is the incredulous one who has not seen it.]
[Footnote 2: -being a scholar, and able to address it as an apparition ought to be addressed-Marcellus thinking, perhaps, with others, that a ghost required Latin.]
[Footnote 3: 1st Q. 'towling one.]
[Page 6]
[Sidenote: 4] Mar. Thou art a Scholler; speake to it Horatio.
Barn. Lookes it not like the King? Marke it Horatio .
[Sidenote: Looks a not]
Hora. Most like: It harrowes me with fear and wonder.
[Sidenote: horrowes[1]]
Barn. It would be spoke too.[2]
Mar. Question it Horatio. [Sidenote: Speak to it Horatio ]
Hor. What art thou that vsurp'st this time of night,[3] Together with that Faire and Warlike forme[4] In which the Maiesty of buried Denmarke Did sometimes[5] march: By Heauen I charge thee speake.
Mar. It is offended.[6]
Barn. See, it stalkes away.
Hor. Stay: speake; speake: I Charge thee, speake.
Exit the Ghost. [Sidenote: Exit Ghost. ]
Mar. 'Tis gone, and will not answer.
Barn. How now Horatio ? You tremble and look pale: Is not this something more then Fantasie? What thinke you on't?
Hor. Before my God, I might not this beleeue Without the sensible and true auouch Of mine owne eyes.
Mar. Is it not like the King?
Hor. As thou art to thy selfe, Such was the very Armour he had on, When th' Ambitious Norwey combatted: [Sidenote: when he the ambitious] So frown'd he once, when in an angry parle He smot the sledded Pollax on the Ice.[8] [Sidenote: sleaded[7]] 'Tis strange.
[Sidenote: 274] Mar. Thus twice before, and iust at this dead houre,
[Sidenote: and jump at this]
[Footnote 1: 1st Q . 'horrors mee'.]
[Footnote 2: A ghost could not speak, it was believed, until it was spoken to.]
[Footnote 3: It was intruding upon the realm of the embodied.]
[Footnote 4: None of them took it as certainly the late king: it was only clear to them that it was like him. Hence they say, 'usurp'st the forme.']
[Footnote 5: formerly .]
[Footnote 6: -at the word usurp'st .]
[Footnote 7: Also 1st Q .]
[Footnote 8: The usual interpretation is 'the sledged Poles'; but not to mention that in a parley such action would have been treacherous, there is another far more picturesque, and more befitting the angry parle , at the same time more characteristic and forcible: the king in his anger smote his loaded pole-axe on the ice. There is some uncertainty about the word sledded or sleaded (which latter suggests lead ), but we have the word sledge and sledge-hammer , the smith's heaviest, and the phrase, 'a sledging blow.' The quarrel on the occasion referred to rather seems with the Norwegians (See Schmidt's Shakespeare-Lexicon: Sledded .) than with the Poles; and there would be no doubt as to the latter interpretation being the right one, were it not that the Polacke , for the Pole, or nation of the Poles, does occur in the play. That is, however, no reason why the Dane should not have carried a pole-axe, or caught one from the hand of an attendant. In both our authorities, and in the 1st Q . also, the word is pollax -as in Chaucer's Knights Tale : 'No maner schot, ne pollax, ne schort knyf,'-in the
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