Canada under British Rule by Sir John George Bourinot (story reading txt) 📖

and submitted in each state to
the electors qualified to vote for
members of the house of
representatives. If in majority of
the states a majority of the
electors voting approve the
proposed law, and if a majority
of all the electors
voting also approve the
proposed law, it shall be
presented to the governor-general
for the royal assent.

APPENDIX B.


BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES.


I confine these notes to the most accurate and available books and essays on the history of Canada.

For the French régime consult.--_Jacques Cartier's Voyages_, by Joseph Pope (Ottawa, 1889), Charlevoix's _History and General Description of New France_, translated by J. Gilmary Shea (New York, 1868); _Cours d'histoire du Canada_, by Abbé Ferland (Quebec, 1861); _Histoire du Canada_, by F.X. Garneau (4th ed., Montreal, 1882); F. Parkman's series of admirable histories of the French régime (Boston, 1865--1884), _The Story of Canada_ (Nations' Series, London, New York and Toronto, 1896), by J.G. Bourinot, necessarily written in a light vein, is largely devoted to the days of French rule, and may profitably be read on that account in connection with this later book, chiefly devoted to British dominion.

For the history of Acadia, consult.--_Acadia_, by James Hannay (St. John, N.B., 1879); _History of Nova Scotia_, by Thomas C. Haliburton (Halifax, N.S., 1829). A valuable compilation of annals is _A History of Nova Scotia or Acadie_, by Beamish Murdoch (Halifax, 1867). _Builders of Nova Scotia_, by J.G. Bourinot (Toronto, and "Trans. Roy. Soc. Can.," 1900), contains many portraits of famous Nova Scotians down to confederation, and appendices of valuable historical documents.

_Cape Breton and its Memorials of the French Régime_ ("Trans. Roy. Soc. Can.," vol. IX, and in separate form, Montreal, 1891) by J.G. Bourinot, gives a full bibliography of voyages of Northmen, the Cabots, Carrier, and Champlain, and of the Histories of the Seven Years' War. The same remarks apply to Winsor's _Narrative and Critical History of America_ (Boston, 1886--89). The "Trans. Roy. Soc. Can.," since 1894, have several important papers by Archbishop O'Brien, Dr. S.E. Dawson, and others on the Cabot discovery.

British rule, 1760-1900:--Garneau's _History_, already mentioned, gives the French Canadian view of the political situation from 1760 until 1840; William Kingsford's _History of Canada_ (Toronto, 1887-1898) has a fairly accurate account of events from 1760 until 1840, in vols. V-X; _A History of Lower Canada_, by R. Christie, a member of the assembly of the province (Quebec, 1848-1854) is very useful for copies of public documents from 1774 until 1840.

The most important accounts of the U.E. Loyalists of the American Revolution by writers in the United States are:--L. Sabine's _Loyalists_ (Boston, 1864), and Tyler's _Literary History of the American Revolution_ (New York, 1897). Canadian accounts are to be found in Egerton Ryerson's _Loyalists of America_ (Toronto, 1880)--remarkably prosaic--and Canniff's _History of Upper Canada_ (Toronto, 1872). Consult also articles of J.G. Bourinot in the _Quarterly Review_ for October, 1898, and the _Canadian Magazine_ for April, 1898, in which names of prominent Canadian descendants of Loyalists are given.

Kingsford's _History_, vol. VIII, has the best Canadian account of the War of 1812-15. The most impartial American record of its causes and progress is Henry Adams's _History of the United States of America_ (New York, 1860), vols VI and VII.

Garneau's _History_ gives the most favourable estimate of Papineau and his party, who brought about the Rebellion in Lower Canada. Kingsford (vols. IX and X) writes impartially on the risings in the two Canadas.

Other works to be consulted are:--Lord Durham's _Report on the Affairs of British North America_ (London, 1839); _Life of W. Lyon Mackenzie_, by Charles Lindsey, his son-in-law (Toronto, 1863); _The Upper Canadian Rebellion_, by J. Charles Dent (Toronto, 1885). The _Speeches and Letters_ of the Hon. Joseph Howe (Boston, 1858) contain the ablest expositions of the principles of responsible government by its greatest advocate in British North America. See also Campbell's _History of Prince Edward Island_ (Charlottetown, 1875). New Brunswick has not a single good history. _The Life and Times of Sir Leonard Tilley_, by James Hannay (St. John, N.B. 1897), can be read with advantage. See Prof. Ganong's valuable essays on the early history of New Brunswick in "Trans. Roy. Soc. Can," New Series, vols. I--v. Rev. Dr. Withrow's _History of Canada_ (Toronto, 1888) has chapters on affairs of Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, to date of publication.

For the history of Canada since 1840, consult.--_Canada since the Union_ (1840--1880), by J. Charles Dent (Toronto, 1880--81); _Le Canada sous l'Union_, by Louis Turcotte (Quebec, 1871); _Memoirs of the Right Hon. Sir John A. Macdonald_, by Joseph Pope, his private secretary (London and Ottawa, 1894); _Debates on Confederation_ (Quebec, 1865); _Confederation_, by Hon. J.H. Gray, M.P., a delegate to the Quebec Conference (Toronto, 1872).

For the constitutional development of Canada, consult.--_A Manual_, by J.G. Bourinot (Montreal, 1888, and included in latest edition of his _Parliamentary Procedure_, 1891); _How Canada is Governed_, by the same (Toronto, 1897--1900); _Parliamentary Government in the Colonies_, by Alpheus Todd (London, 1894); _Documents illustrative of the Canadian Constitution_, by W. Houston (Toronto, 1891). _Parliamentary Government in Canada_, by J.G. Bourinot (Amer. Hist. Association, Washington, 1892, and "Trans. Roy. Soc. Can.," 1892), contains a long list of books relating to the constitutional history of Canada. Also consult _How Canada is Governed_ for works on constitutional, legal, municipal and educational history of the provinces of Canada.

For Manitoba and the North-west Territories the reader may consult:--_Manitoba. Its Infancy, Growth and Present Condition_, by Rev. Prof. Bryce (London, 1882); _History of the North-west_, by A. Begg (Toronto, 1894); _The Great Company_, by Beckles Wilson (Toronto and London, 1899); _Reminiscences of the North-west Rebellions_, by Major Boulton (Toronto, 1886). A remarkable _History of the Hudson's Bay Company_, by Rev. Prof. Bryce (London, New York and Toronto, 1900). For British Columbia:--A. Begg's _History_ (Toronto, 1896).

For the literary progress of Canada, consult:--_The Intellectual Development of the Canadian People_, by J.G. Bourinot (Toronto, 1881); _Canada's Intellectual Strength and Weakness_ ("Trans. Roy. Soc. Canada," vol. XI, also in separate form, Montreal, 1893), by the same, contains an elaborate list of Canadian literature, French and English, to date. The 17 volumes of the same Transactions contain numerous valuable essays on French Canadian literary progress.

Other valuable books to be consulted are:--_Canada and Newfoundland_ in Stanford's _Compendium of Geography and Travel_ (London, 1897), by Dr. S.E. Dawson, F.R.S.C.; _The Statistical Year Book of Canada_, a government publication issued annually at Ottawa, and edited by Geo. Johnson, F.S.S.; _The Great Dominion_ (London, 1895), by Dr. G.R. Parkin, C.M.G., LL.D., the eloquent advocate of imperial federation for many years, merits careful reading. _Canada and the United States_, in Papers of the Amer. Hist Assoc. (Washington, July, 1891), and _Canada and the United States: their Past and Present Relations_, in the _Quarterly Review_ for April, 1891, both by the present author, have been largely used in the preparation of the last chapter of this book.

With respect to the boundaries of Canada and the English colonies during the days of French dominion, and from 1763 until 1774--_i.e._ from the Treaty of Paris until the Quebec Act--consult a valuable collection of early French and English maps, given in _A Report on the Boundaries of Ontario_ (Toronto, 1873), by Hon. David Mills, now Minister of Justice in the Laurier government, who was an Ontario commissioner to collect evidence with respect to the western limits of the province. Consult also Prof. Hinsdale's _Old North-west_ (New York, 1888); _Epochs of American History_, edited by Prof. Hart, of Harvard University (London and Boston, 1893); _Remarks on the French Memorials concerning the Limits of Acadia_ (London, 1756) by T. Jefferys, who gives maps showing clearly French and English claims with respect to Nova Scotia or Acadia "according to its ancient limits" (Treaty of Utrecht). These and other maps are given in that invaluable compilation, Winsor's _Narrative and Critical History of America_. See also Mitchell's map of British and French possessions in North America, issued by the British Board of Plantations in 1758, and reprinted (in part) in the _Debates on the Quebec Act_, by Sir H. Cavendish (London, 1839). For text of Treaties of Utrecht (1612), of Paris (1763), of Quebec Act (1774), and other treaties and imperial acts relating to Canada, see Houston's _Documents_, cited above, p. 329. The maps of Canada and the disputed boundary in Alaska, which I give in this book, are taken from the small maps issued in 1899 by the Department of the Interior at Ottawa.


INDEX


Abbott, Sir John; prime minister of Canada, 257; death of, ib

Aberdeen, Earl of; governor-general of Canada, 265-267

Aberdeen, Lady, 267

Acadia College, N.S., founded, 163

_Acadie_ or _La Cadie_; name of, 8; settled by France, 8, 9; ceded to Great Britain by Treaty of Utrecht (1713), 9; French inhabitants expelled from, 22, 23

Adams, President John; on the U.K. Loyalists, 76

Alaskan Boundary, 310-312; map of, 311

Alexander, Sir William (Lord Stirling); names Nova Scotia, 11

Allan, Sir Hugh; contributes funds to Conservative elections, 236;