The Grammar of English Grammars by Goold Brown (read books for money TXT) 📖

ridiculing the too frequent use of, for pers. pron.
    —as pronom. adj., requires verb and pron. in the third pers. sing. to
      agree with it. One an other, see Other. One, or a unit, whether
      it is a number.

Only, derivation of; class and meaning of, in its several different
relations
    —strictures on the instructions of grammarians respecting the
      classification and placing of
    —ambiguous use of, (as also of but,)
    —use of, for but, or except that, not approved of by BROWN
    —Not only, not merely
    —but, &c., correspondents.

Onomatopoeia described and exemplified (extr. from SWIFT.)

Or, as expressing an alternation of terms, (Lat., sive.)
    —in Eng., is frequently equivocal; the ambiguity how avoided
    —Or, perh. contracted from other
    —Or and nor discriminated
    —Or, nor, grammarians dispute which of these words should be adopted
      after an other negative than neither or nor; MURR., following
      PRIESTL., teaches that either word may be used with equal propriety;
      BURN'S doctrine; BROWN, after revising CHURCH., attempts to settle
      the question,
    —Or ever, ("OR EVER the earth was,") the term explained.

Or or our, terminat., number of Eng. words in; how many of these may be written with our; BROWN'S practice and views in respect to this matter.

Oral spelling, the advantage of, to learners.

Order of things or events, the natural, PREC. directing the observance of, in the use of lang.

Orders of verse, see Verse.

Ordinal numeral, (see Numerals.)
    —Ordinal adjectives may qualify card. numbers; cannot properly be
      qualified by do.

Orthoëpy, see Pronunciation.

ORTHOGRAPHY
    —Orthography, of what treats
    —difficulties attending it in Eng.
    —DR. JOHNSON'S improvements in
    —DR. WEBSTER'S do., in a different direction
    —ignorance of, with respect to any word used, what betokens in the
      user (See also Spelling.) Orthography, figures of, MIMESIS and
      ARCHAISM
    —its substantive or pronominal character; (with one.) how classed by
      some; may be preceded by the articles
    —requires than before the latter term of an exclusive comparison;
      yet sometimes perhaps better takes the prep. besides. Each other one
      an other, import and just application of,
    —misapplication of, frequent in books,
    —DR. WEBST. erron. explanation of other, as "a correlative to
      each,"
    —One and other, frequently used as terms relative and partitive,
      appar. demanding a plur. form,
    —An other, in stead of another. Somehow or other, somewhere or
      other, how other is to be disposed of.

Ought, principal verb, and not auxiliary, as called by MURR. et al., —originally part of the verb to OWE; now used as defec. verb, —its tense, as limited by the infin. which follows.

Ourself, anomalous form peculiar to the regal style,
    —peculiar construc. of.

Own, its origin and import; its class and construc.,
    —strangely called a noun by DR. JOH.

P.

P, its name and plur. numb., —its sound, —when silent, —Ph, its sounds.

Pairs, words in, punct. of.

Palatals, what consonants so called.

Parables, in the Scriptures, see Allegory.

Paragoge, explained.

Paragraph mark, for what used.

Paralipsis, or apophasis, explained.

Parallels, as marks of reference.

Parenthesis, signif. and twofold application of the term,
    —Parenthesis, marks of, (see Curves.)
    —What clause to be inclosed within the curves as a PARENTHESIS, and
      what should be its punct.,
    —Parentheses, the introduction of, as affecting unity.

Parsing, defined.
    —Parsing, its relation to grammar,
    —what must be considered in,
    —the distinction between etymological and syntactical, to be
      maintained, against KIRKH. et al.,
    —character of the forms of etymological adopted by BROWN,
    —what implied in the right performance of,
    —whether different from analysis,
    —what to be supplied in.
    —Parsing, of a prep., how performed,
    —of a phrase, implies its separation,
    —the RULES OF GOVERNM., how to be applied in,
    —of words, is not varied by mere transposition.
    —Parsing, etymological and syntactical, in what order to be taken,
    —the SENSE, why necessary to be observed in; what required of the
      pupil in syntactical,
    —syntactical, EXAMPLE of.
    —Parsing or CORRECTING, which exercise perh. the more useful.

Participial adjectives, see Adjectives, Participial.

Participial or verbal noun, defined,
    —how distinguished from the participle.
    —Participial noun and participle, the distinction between, ill
      preserved by MURR. and his amenders.
    —Participial noun, distinc. of VOICE in, sometimes disregarded,
      ("The day of my BURYING,")
    —with INFIN. following, strictures on MURR., LENN., and BULL.,
      with respect to examples of.

PARTICIPLES, Etymol. of. —Participle, defined. —Participles, whether they ought to be called verbs, —appropriate naming of the kinds of, —often become adjectives, —become adjectives by composition with something not belonging to the verb, —number of, simp. and comp., —imply time, but do not divide it, —retain the essential meaning of their verbs, but differ from them in the formal, —in Eng., from what derived, —H. TOOKE'S view of the time of; with whom BROWN differs. —Participles, Classes of, named and defined, —(See Imperfect Participle and Perfect Part.) —Participles, grammarians differ in their opinion with respect to the time and voice of, —how have been called and treated by some, —explanation of the different, —how distinguished from particip. nouns, —elegantly taken as plur. nouns, ("All his REDEEMED,") —appar. used for adverbs, —some become prepositions. —Participle and ADJUNCTS, as forming "one name," and as such, governing the poss., whence the doctrine; PRIESTL. criticised; MURR. et al. adopt PRIESTL. doctrine, which they badly sustain; teachers of do. disagree among themselves, —governm. of possessives by, how BROWN generally disposes of; how determines with respect to such governm. —Participles, Synt. of, —regular synt. of, twofold; nature of the two constructions; OTHER less regular constructions; which two constructions of all, are legitimate uses of the participle; which constructions are of doubtf. propriety. —Participles, to what RELATE, or in what state GOVERNED. —Participle, as relating to a phrase or sentence, —taken abstractly, —irregularly used in Eng. as substitute for infin. mood, —in irreg. and mixed construc. —Participle, transitive, what case governs, —nom. absol. with, to what equivalent, —each requires its appropriate FORM, —questionable uses of, admitted by MURR. et al.; why BROWN is disposed to condemn these irregularities. —Participle and particip. noun, distinction between, with respect to governm. —Participle in ing, multiplied uses of, lawful and forced, illustrated, —equivalence of do. to infin. mood, instances of, —every mixed construc. of, how regarded by BROWN, —the "double nature" of, CROMB. on; his views, how accord with those of MURR. et al., HILEY'S treatment of; BROWN'S strictures on do. —Participles, place of: —active, governm. of. —Participle, trans., converted to a noun: —converted, when the expression should be changed: —followed by an adj., its conversion into a noun appar. improper: —comp. converted, how managed: —not to be used for infin., or other more appropriate term: —use of, for a nominative after be, is, was, &c., faulty: —following a verb of preventing, how to be managed. —Participles, converted, disposal of their adverbs: —must be construed with a regard to the leading word in sense: —should have a clear reference to their subjects: —needless use of, for nouns, to be avoided: —punct. of: —derivation of: —poet. peculiarities in the use of.

Parts of speech, meaning of the term:
    —Parts of speech, named and defined:
    —what explanations may aid learners to distinguish the different:
    —why needful that learners be early taught to make for themselves the
      prop. distribution of:
    —WILS. on the distribution of:
    —the preferable number with respect to; the office of, specifically
      stated.
    —The parts of speech, passage exemplifying all.
    —Examples of a partic. part of speech accumulated in a sentence.
    —Etymol. and Synt. of the different parts of speech, see Article,
      Noun, Adjective, &c.

Passions of the mind, by what tones to be expressed.

Passive verb, defined.
    —Pass. verbs contrasted with active-trans, verbs, in respect to the
      object or the agent of the action; their compos, and construc.:
    —their FORM in Eng.
    —Pass. verb BE LOVED, conjug. affirmatively.
    —Pass. verbs, how distinguished from neuters of the same form:
    —having active forms nearly equivalent to them, (is rejoiced,
      rejoices; am resolved, know, &c.,):
    —erroneously allowed by some to govern the obj. case in Eng.; CROMB.
      in this category, cited, canon, pseudo-canons.
    —Pass. verb, what should always take for its subj. or nom.:
    —takes the same case after as before it, when both words refer to the
      same thing:
    —between two nominatives, with which should be made to agree,
      ("Words ARE wind,"). See Unco-Passive, &c.

Passive form of an active-intrans. verb followed by a prep. and its objective, ("He WAS LAUGHED AT,"). Passive sense of the act. form of the verb, ("The books continue SELLING,").

Past for future, see Prophecy.

Pauses, term defined. —Pauses, kinds of, named and explained: —the distinctive, duration of: —after what manner should be formed: —forced, unintentional, their effect: —emphatic or rhetorical, applicat. and office of: —harmonic, kinds of; these, essential to verse. —Pauses, abrupt, punct.: —emphatic, do.

Pedantic and sense-dimming style of charlatans &c., as offending against purity.

Pentameter line, iambic, examples of:
    —is the regular Eng. HEROIC; its quality and adaptation:
    —embraces the elegiac stanza:
    —trochaic, example of, said by MURR. et al. to be very uncommon;
      was unknown to DR. JOH. and other old prosodists:
    —the two examples of. in sundry grammars, whence came; a couplet of
      these scanned absurdly by HIL.; HART mistakes the metre of do.:
    —dactylic, example of, ("Salutation to America,").

Perfect, adj., whether admits of comparison; why its comparis. by adverbs not wholly inadmissible.

Perfect definition, what.

Perfect participle, or second part., defined:
    —its form:
    —how has been variously called:
    —its character and name as distinguished from the imperf. part:
    —why sometimes called the passive part.; why this name liable to
      objection:
    —how may be distinguished from the preterit of the same form:
    —should not be made to govern an objective term. ("The characters
      MADE USE OF," MURR.,):
    —not to be used for the pret., nor confounded with the pres.:
    —what care necessary in the employment of; when to be distinguished
      from the preterits of their verbs.

Perfect tense, defined. —Perf. tense of indic., as referring to time relatively fut.

Period, or full stop, its pause. —Period, or circuit, nature of. —Period, probably the oldest of the points; how first used: —how used in Hebrew: —what used to mark: —Rules for the use of: —not required when short sentences are rehearsed as examples: —whether to be applied to letters written for numbers: —with other points set after it: —whether proper after Arabic figures used as ordinals. —Period of abbreviation, whether always supersedes other points.

Permanent propositions, to be expressed in the pres. tense.

Permitting, &c., verbs of, see Commanding.

Personal pronoun, defined.
    —Personal pronouns, simple, numb, and specificat. of:
    —declension of:
    —often used in a reciprocal sense, ("Wash YOU," &c.,).
    —(See also It.)
    —Personal pronouns, compound, numb. and specificat. of. 298:
    —explanat. and declension of:
    —CHURCH. account of:
    —of the first and second persons, placed before nouns to distinguish
      their persons.

Personification, defined,
    —MURR. definition of, blamed,
    —what constitutes the purest kind of,
    —change of the gend. of inanimate objects by,
    —whether