Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews Peter Longerich (grave mercy .TXT) 📖

The crucial elements of the Blood Protection Law (Blutschutzgesetz) were already present in the draft bill

prepared in the Reich Ministry of Justice in summer 1933 for the prevention of

‘marriages detrimental to the German people’.

44. RGBl, 1935, I, p. 1146. English trans. in Nazism 1919–1945, ii: State, Economy and Society 1933–1939, ed. J. Noakes and G. Pridham (Exeter, 2000), 342–3.

45. RGBl, 1935, I, pp. 1146–7. Nazism 1919–1945, ii. 341–2.

46. Parteitag der Freiheit. Reden des Führers und ausgewählte Kongreßreden am Reich-

sparteitag der NSDAP (Munich, 1935), 110 ff. (here 113–14).

47. On the reaction of the people to the Nuremberg Laws see Bankier, Meinung, 105 ff.;

Kershaw, ‘Persecution’, 270 ff.; Otto Dov Kulka, ‘Die Nürnberger Rassengesetze und die

456

Notes to pages 60–65

deutsche Bevölkerung im Lichte geheimer NS-Lage- und Stimmungsberichte’, Viertel-

jahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte (VfZ) 32 (1984), 582–624; Longerich, Davon, 96 ff.

48. Sopade, September 1935, A 10 ff., pp. 1019 ff.; for more details see Longerich, Politik, 107–8.

49. On ‘anti-Jewish policy’ following the Nuremberg Laws see Adam, Judenpolitik, 145 ff.; Avraham Barkai, Vom Boykott zu ‘Entjudung’. Der wirtschaftliche Existenzkampf der

Juden im Dritten Reich 1933–1939 (Frankfurt a. M., 1988), 67 ff.; Helmut Genschel, Die

Verdrängung der Juden aus der Wirtschaft im Dritten Reich (Berlin, 1966), 116 ff.;

Pätzold, Faschismus, 272 ff.; Longerich, Politik, 112 ff.

50. BAB, R 18/5513; cf. Fischer, Schacht, 184–5. The purpose of the discussion was

to clarify problems raised at the ministerial meeting on 20 Aug. 1935 (see above,

p. 59).

51. RGBl, 1935, I, pp. 1333–4. English version in Nazism 1919–1945, ii. 344–5. On the prehistory of this ordinance see Adam, Judenpolitik, 134 ff. and Essner, ‘Nürnberger

Gesetze’, 155 ff.

52. See below, p. 65.

53. RGBl, 1935, I, pp. 1934–5; cf. Adam, Judenpolitik, 141.

54. Adam, Judenpolitik, 145–6.

55. Bankier, Meinung, 111; Adam, Judenpolitik, 153.

56. Sopade, August 1936, A 12, pp. 973 ff. and December, A 111 ff., pp. 1648 ff.; Situation Reports and Complaints by the CV in OS, 721–1–243, 244, 1344, 2317; cf. Barkai, Boykott,

73 ff. on the ‘creeping displacement’ (‘schleichende Verdrängung’).

57. Wilhelm Treue, ‘Hitlers Denkschrift zum Vierjahresplan 1936’, VfZ 3 (1955), 184–203.

English translation in Nazism, ed. Noakes and Pridham (Exeter, 1984).

58. See below, p. 314 ff.

59. Treue, ‘Denkschrift’, 93.

60. BAB, R 58/23a; Adam, Judenpolitik, 184, wrongly dates the foundation of the office to February 1938.

61. BAB, R 18/5514, 29 Sept. 1938; cf. Barkai, Boykott, 127.

62. RGBl, 1936, I, p. 999.

63. RGBl, 1936, I, pp. 1000–1.

64. See below, pp. 119–20.

65. Material can be found OS, 721-1-755, 2335, 2555, 2723, 3164 (details in Longerich, Politik, 122 ff.).

66. Falk Wiesemann, ‘ “Juden auf dem Lande”: Die wirtschaftliche Ausgrenzung der

jüdischen Viehhändler in Bayern’, in Detlev Peukert and Jürgen Reulecke, eds, Die

Reihen fast geschlossen: Beiträge zur Geschichte des Alltags unterm Nationalsozialismus

(Wuppertal, 1981), 384 ff.

67. On this, see e.g. the special investigation reports of the Currency Investigation Office in Berlin, in which the supposed intentions of business owners suspected of wishing to

emigrate were outlined: OS, 1461–1–66, 67, 68, 70, 103 includes numerous reports of that

kind from the period 1936–41. On the support of the Reichsbank, see Fischer, Schacht,

201; further details in Longerich, Politik, 24–5.

68. Currency Investigation Office, Berlin, Prinz AlbrechtStr. 8, 14 July 1938 to RFSS-Chief RSHA (OS, 500-1-600).

Notes to pages 66–69

457

69. RGBl 1934, I, p. 923; cf. Stefan Mehl, Das Reichsfinanzministerium und die Verfolgung der deutschen Juden (Berlin, 1990), 36.

70. See Dorothee Mußgnung, Die Reichsfluchtsteuer 1931–1953 (Berlin, 1993); Barkai,

Boykott, 111–12; Mehl, Reichsfinanzministerium, 41 ff.

71. On ‘Aryanization’, see Frank Bajohr, Arianization in Hamburg: The Economic Exclusion

of Jews and the Confiscation of their Property in Nazi Germany (New York, 2002); Barkai,

Boykott; Franz Fichtl, Stephan Link, Herbert May, et al., ‘Bambergs Wirtschaft judenfrei’.

Die Verdrängung der jüdischen Geschäftsleute in den Jahren 1933 bis 1939 (Bamberg,

1998); Genschel, Verdrängung; Barbara Händler-Lachmann and Thomas Werther, Ver-

gessene Geschäfte, verlorene Geschichte. Jüdisches Wirtschaftsleben in Marburg und seine

Vernichtung im Nationalsozialismus (Marburg 1992); Gerhard Kratzsch, Der Gau-

wirtschaftsapparat der NSDAP. Menschenführung-Arisierung-Wehrwirtschaft im Gau

Westfalen-Süd (Münster, 1989); Dirk Laak, ‘Die Mitwirkenden bei der “Arisierung”.

Dargestellt am Beispiel der rheinisch-westfälischen Industrieregion, 1933–1940’, in Ur-

sula Büttner, ed., Die Deutschen und die Judenverfolgung im Dritten Reich (Hamburg,

1992), 231–57; Uwe Westphal, Berliner Konfektion und Mode. Die Zerstörung einer

Tradition 1936–1939 (Berlin, 1986); Katharina Stengel, ed., Vor der Vernichtung. Die

staatliche Enteignung der Juden im Nationalsozialismus (Frankfurt a. M., 2007).

72. Kratzsch, Gauwirtschaftsapparat, 173 ff., notes the relatively small number of firms

‘Aryanized’ in the district of South Westphalia: ‘putting an end to the economic

activities of the Jews took the form of liquidation rather than Arianization’.

73. Barkai, Boykott, 80 ff.

74. For individual examples from 1935 to 1937, see Barkai, Boykott, pp. 85–6; see also Laak,

‘Die Mitwirkenden’, 239–40 and 244.

75. Genschel, Verdrängung, 135 ff.

76. See Kratzsch, Gauwirtschaftsapparat, 146 ff. Party members, for example, were required by a Party regulation to obtain the consent of its Gau economic advisers when

assuming control of a Jewish business. Without proof of this consent the firms were

not free of the ban on advertising in the public press, etc.

77. Barkai, Boykott, 65.

78. OS, 500-3-316.

79. Herbert A. Strauß, ‘Jewish Emigration from Germany: Nazi Policies and Jewish Re-

sponse’, in LBIY, 25 (1980), 174.

80. IfZ, MA 727/3.

81. Politisches Archiv des Auswärtigen Amtes (PAA), Inland II A/B 83–21a, vol. 1a; cf.

Francis R. Nicosia, The Third Reich and the Palestine Question (Austin, 1985), 114 ff.

82. ADAP, series D, vol. 4, no. 561; cf. Nicosia, Third Reich, 121.

83. ADAP, series D, vol. 4, no. 463; cf. Nicosia, Third Reich, 122.

84. Ibid. 134.

85. See below, p. 105.

86. See Die Judenpolitik des SD 1935–1938, ed. Michael Wildt (Munich, 1995), 15–16.

87. OS, 500-1; 7 Apr. 1937.

88. BAB, R 58/239, in Wildt, Judenpolitik, 118 ff.

89. See Wildt, Judenpolitik, 34–5, and Eichmann’s ‘Disposition for Handling the Jews in the SD South-Eastern Sector’, 10 May. 1937, OS, 500-1-403.

458

Notes to pages 69–75

90. On the problems for emigration see Nicosia, Third Reich, 136; Strauß, ‘Emigration’; the report of the National Delegation of Jews in Germany for 1937 (IfZ, Ma 727/3). The

crisis was reflected in situational reports made by the Jewish Division of the SD for

October and November 1937 (OS, 500-3-316).

91. See the report in BAB, R 58/954.

92. Texts of the papers and additional material related to preparations are in OS, 500-3-322

and 500-3-424. The programme and the papers are published in Wildt,