Fateful Lightning: A New History of the Civil War & Reconstruction Allen Guelzo (novels to read .txt) 📖

interstate commerce, and paved the way for the reintroduction of slavery into the free states. The case, however, did not reach the Supreme Court before the outbreak of the Civil War, and Taney never had the chance to hand down a companion ruling to Scott v. Sanford.

70. Lincoln, “Speech at Springfield, Illinois,” June 26, 1857, in Collected Works, 2:404.

71. Mark A. Graber, Dred Scott and the Problem of Constitutional Evil (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 31–32.

1. Allan Nevins, The Emergence of Lincoln: Douglas, Buchanan, and Party Chaos, 1857–1859 (New York: Scribner’s, 1950), 15–16, 19.

2. Frank L. Owsley, “The Fundamental Cause of the Civil War: Egocentric Sectionalism,” Journal of Southern History 7 (February 1941): 16–17; James G. Randall, Lincoln the Liberal Statesman (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1947), 175; Avery Craven, The Repressible Conflict, 1830–1861 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1939), 5, 94; David M. Potter, “The Literature on the Background of the American Civil War,” The South and the Sectional Conflict (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1968), 93–98.

3. Jimerson, The Private Civil War, 8–9.

4. Bigelow, in Michael S. Green, Freedom, Union, and Power: Lincoln and His Party During the Civil War (New York: Fordham University Press, 2004), 37.

5. “Vain Hopes,” New Orleans Bee, December 14, 1860, in Southern Editorials on Secession, 336.

6. James McPherson, “Antebellum Southern Exceptionalism: A New Look at an Old Question,” Civil War History 29 (September 1983): 243.

7. Robert Taft, “The Appearance and Personality of Stephen A. Douglas,” Kansas Historical Quarterly 21 (Spring 1954): 10–11, 16–17; Shelby Cullom, Fifty Years of Public Service: Personal Recollections (Chicago: A. C. McClurg, 1911), 62; Robert W. Johannsen, Stephen A. Douglas (New York: Oxford University Press, 1973), 570–72; Fehrenbacher, The Dred Scott Case, 379.

8. Damon Wells, Stephen Douglas: The Last Years, 1857–1861 (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1971), 27.

9. Lincoln, “Speech at Indianapolis, Indiana,” September 19, 1859, in Collected Works, 3:463.

10. Sarah Bush Lincoln, interview with William Henry Herndon, September 8, 1865, in Herndon’s Informants: Letters, Interviews and Statements About Abraham Lincoln, ed. R. O. Davis and D. L. Wilson (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 107.

11. Lincoln, “Speech at Kalamazoo, Michigan,” August 27, 1856, and “Address Before the Wisconsin State Agricultural Society,” September 30, 1859, in Collected Works, 2:364, 3:479; “Conversation with Hon. S. T. Logan at Springfield, July 6, 1875,” in An Oral History of Abraham Lincoln: John G. Nicolay’s Interviews and Essays, ed. Michael Burlingame (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996), 36.

12. Lincoln, “Speech in the Illinois Legislature Concerning the State Bank,” in Collected Works, 1:69.

13. Gabor Boritt, Lincoln and the Economics of the American Dream (Memphis, TN: Memphis State University Press, 1978), 15–22, 30–31, 47, 59.

14. Charles G. Sellers, The Market Revolution: Jacksonian America, 1815–1846 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1991), 47.

15. Herndon to Jesse Weik, December 9, 1886, and to C. O. Poole, January 5, 1886, in The Hidden Lincoln, from the Letters and Papers of William H. Herndon, ed. Emanuel Hertz (New York: Viking, 1938), 124, 148.

16. Lincoln, “Fragment: Notes for a Law Lecture,” July 1, 1850, in Collected Works, 2:81.

17. Herndon to C. O. Poole and J. Henry Shaw, in The Hidden Lincoln, 119–20, 124, 305, 429; Davis, interview with William H. Herndon, September 20, 1866, and Swett to Herndon, January 17, 1866, in Herndon’s Informants, 168, 350.

18. Herndon, in The Hidden Lincoln, 133; Lincoln, “To John D. Johnston,” December 24, 1848, in Collected Works, 2:16.

19. Lincoln, “To John D. Johnston,” January 12, 1851, and “Speech in Independence Hall,” February 22, 1861, in Collected Works, 2:96–97, 4:240; Jason R. Jiveden, Claiming Lincoln: Progressivism, Equality, and the Battle for Lincoln’s Legacy in Presidential Rhetoric (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2011), 20–21, 23.

20. Lincoln Legal Briefs, October–December 1996 and April–June 1998; Mark E. Steiner, An Honest Calling: The Law Practice of Abraham Lincoln (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2006), 17.

21. Lincoln, “Speech at Cincinnati, Ohio,” September 17, 1859, and “Speech at New Haven, Connecticut,” March 6, 1860, in Collected Works, 3:459, 4:24; Harry E. Pratt, The Personal Finances of Abraham Lincoln (Springfield, IL: Abraham Lincoln Association, 1943), 52–53, 82; “Lincoln’s Landholdings and Investments,” Abraham Lincoln Association Bulletin, September 1, 1929, 1–8; Whitney, in Jesse William Weik, The Real Lincoln: A Portrait (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1922), 194.

22. Robert Todd Lincoln to Isaac Markens, February 13, 1918, in A Portrait of Abraham Lincoln in Letters by His Oldest Son, ed. Paul Angle (Chicago: Chicago Historical Society, 1968), 55; Lincoln, “Address Before the Young Men’s Lyceum of Springfield, Illinois,” and “Handbill Replying to Charges of Infidelity,” in Collected Works, 1:115, 382; Lincoln to Josiah Grinnell, in Recollected Words of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Don E. Fehrenbacher and Virginia Fehrenbacher (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996), 185.

23. P. M. Zall, “Abe Lincoln Laughing,” in The Historian’s Lincoln: Pseudohistory, Psychohistory, and History, ed. G. S. Boritt and Norman Forness (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988), 10; J. F. Farnsworth, in Recollected Words, 437–38.

24. David Davis, interview with Herndon, September 20, 1866, in Herndon’s Informants, 350.

25. Herndon to Jesse Weik, January 9, 1886, in The Hidden Lincoln, 131; Edgar Conkling to William Herndon, August 3, 1867, and Davis, interview with Herndon, September 20, 1866, in Herndon’s Informants, 349–50, 565.

26. Lincoln, “Protest in the Illinois Legislature on Slavery,” March 3, 1837, “Speech at Peoria, Illinois,” October 16, 1854, and “To Albert G. Hodges,” April 4, 1864, in Collected Works, 1:75, 2:282, 7:281.

27. Lincoln, “Speech at Bloomington, Illinois,” September 12, 1854, in Collected Works, 2:232–33, 238.

28. Lincoln, “Speech at Peoria, Illinois,” October 16, 1854, and “Speech at New Haven, Connecticut,” March 6, 1860, in Collected Works, 2:255, 4:19.

29. Lincoln, “Editorial on the Kansas-Nebraska Act,” September 11, 1854, “Speech at Springfield, Illinois,” July 17, 1858, “Speeches at Clinton, Illinois,” September 2, 1858, and “Speech at Peoria, Illinois,” October 16, 1854, in Collected Works, 2:229–30, 2:282, 2:514, 3:82.

30. Lincoln, “To Lyman Trumbull,” December 28, 1857, in Collected Works, 2:430.

31. “Republican State Convention of Illinois” (June 16, 1858), in The Lincoln-Douglas Debates of 1858, ed. E. Earle Sparks (Springfield, IL: Illinois State Historical Library, 1908), 22.

32.