Constelation History by Forest Ostrander (good summer reads txt) 📖
- Author: Forest Ostrander
Book online «Constelation History by Forest Ostrander (good summer reads txt) 📖». Author Forest Ostrander
Nominative/Genitive/Abbr./Pronunciation/Translation
Andromeda/Andromedae/And/an-DRAM-mih-duh/Chained Maiden
Antlia/Antliae/Ant/ANT-lee-uh/Air Pump
Apus/Apodis/Aps/APE-us/Bird of Paradise
Aquariu(z)/Aquarii/Aqr/uh-QWAIR-ee-us/Water Bearer
Aquila/Aquilae/Aql/ACK-will-uh/Eagle
Ara/Arae/Ara/AIR-uh/Altar
Aries(z)/Arietis/Ari/AIR-ease/Ram
Auriga/Aurigae/Aur/aw-RYE-guh/Charioteer
Bootes/Bootis/Boo/bo-OH-teez/Herdsman
Caelum/Caeli/Cae/SEE-lum/Engraving Tool
Camelopardalis/Camelopardalis/Cam/cuh-MEL-oh-PAR-duh-liss/Giraffe
Cancer(z)/Cancri/Cnc/CAN-ser/Crab
Canes Venatici/Canum Venaticorum/CVn/CAN-eez ve-NAT-iss-eye/Hunting Dogs
Canis Major/Canis Majoris/CMa/CAN-iss MAY-jer/Great Dog
Canis Minor/Canis Minoris/CMi/CAN-iss MY-ner/Lesser Dog
Capricornus (z)/Capricorni/Cap/CAP-rih-CORN-us/Sea Goat
Carina**/Carinae/Car/cuh-RYE-nuh/Keel
Cassiopeia/Cassiopeiae/Cas/CASS-ee-uh-PEE-uh/Seated Queen
Centaurus/Centauri/Cen/sen-TOR-us/Centaur
Cepheus/Cephei/Cep/SEE-fee-us/King
Cetus/Ceti/Cet/SEE-tus/Sea Monster
Chamaeleon/Charmaeleontis/Cha/cuh-MEAL-yun/Chameleon
Circinus/Circini/Cir/SUR-sin-us/Compass
Columba/Columbae/Col/cuh-LUM-buh/Dove
Coma Berenices/Comae Berenices/Com/COE-muh BER-uh-NICE-eez/Bernice's Hair
Corona Australis/Coronae Australis/CrA/cuh-ROE-nuh aw-STRAL-iss/Southern Crown
Corona Borealis/Coronae Borealis/CrB/cuh-ROE-nyh bor-ee AL-iss/Northern Crown
Corvus/Corvi/Crv/COR-vus/Crow
Crater/Crateris/Crt/CRAY-ter/Cup
Crux/Crucis/Cru/CRUCKS/Southern Cross
Cygnus/Cygni/Cyg/SIG-nus/Swa
Delphinus/Delphini/Del/del-FIN-us/Dolphin
Dorado/Doradus/Dor/duh-RAH-do/Dolphinfish
Draco/Draconis/Dra/DRAY-co/Dragon
Equuleus/Equulei/Equ/eh-QUOO-lee-us/Little Horse
Eridanus/Eridani/Eri/ih-RID-un-us/River
Fornax/Fornacis/For/FOR-naks/Furnace
Gemini (z)/Geminorum/Gem/JEM-uh-nye/Twins
Grus/Gruis/Gru/GROOS/Crane
Hercules/Herculis/Her/HER-kyuh-leez/Hercules
Horologium/Horologii/Hor/hor-uh-LOE-jee-um/Clock
Hydra/Hydrae/Hya/HIGH-druh/Female Water Snake
Hydrus/Hydi/Hyi/HIGH-drus/Male Water Snake
Indus/Indi/Ind/IN-dus/Indian
Lacerta/Lacertae/Lac/luh-SER-tuh/Lizard
Leo(z)/Leonis/Leo/LEE-oh/Lion
Leo Minor/Leonis Minoris/LMi/LEE-oh MY-ner/Lesser Lion
Lepus/Leporis/Lep/LEP-us/Hare
Libra(z)/Librae/Lib/LYE-bruh/Scales
Lupus/Lupi/Lup/LOOP-us/Wolf
Lynx/Lyncis/Lyn/LINKS/Lynx
Lyra/Lyrae/Lyr/LYE-ruh/Lyre
Mensa/Mensae/Men/MEN-suh/Table Mountain
Microscopium/Microsopii/Mic/MY-cruh-SCOPE-ee-um/Microscope
Monoceros/Monocerotis/Mon/muh-NAH-ser-us/Unicorn
Musca/Muscae/Mus/MUSS-cuh/Fly
Norma/Normae/Nor/NOR-muh/Carpenter's Square
Octans/Octantis/Oct/OCK-tanz/Octant
Ophiuchus/Ophiuchi/Oph/OFF-ee-YOO-kus/Serpent Bearer
Orion/Orionis/Ori/oh-RYE-un/Hunter
Pavo/Pavonis/Pav/PAY-vo/Peacock
Pegasus/Pegasi/Peg/PEG-us-us/Winged Horse
Perseus/Persei/Per/PER-see-us/Hero
Phoenix/Phoenicis/Phe/FEE-nix/Phoenix
Pictor/Pictoris/Pic/PICK-ter/Painter's Easel
Pisces(z)/Piscium/Pse/PICE-eez/Fishes
Piscis Austrinus/Piscis Austrini/PsA/PICE-iss as-STRY-nus/Southern Fish
Puppis**/Puppis/Pup/PUP-is/Stern
Pyxis**/Pyxidis/Pyx/PIX-iss/Compass
Reticulum/Reticulii/Ret/rih-TICK-yuh-lum/Reticle
Sagitta/Sagittae/Sge/suh-JIT-uh/Arrow
Sagittarius(z)/Sagittarii/Sgr/SAJ-ih-TARE-ee-us/Archer
Scorpius(z)/Scorpii/Sco/SCOR-pee-us/Scorpion
Sculptor/Sculptoris/Scl/SCULP-ter/Sculptor
Scutum/Scuti/Sct/SCOOT-um/Shield
Serpens*/Serpentis/Ser/SER-punz/Serpent
Sextans/Sextantis/Sex/SEX-tunz/Sextant
Taurus(z)/Tauri/Tau/TOR-us/Bull
Telescopium/Telescopii/Tel/tel-ih-SCOPE-ee-um/Telescope
Triangulum/Trianguli/Tri/try-ANG-gyuh-lum/Triangle
Triangulum Australe/Trianguli Australis/TrA/try-ANG-gyuh-lum aw-STRAL-ee/Southern Triangle
Tucana/Tucanae/Tuc/too-KAY-nuh/Toucan
Ursa Major/Ursae Majoris/UMa/ER-suh MAY-jur/Great Bear
Ursa Minor/Ursae Minoris/UMi/ER-suh MY-ner/Lesser Bear
Vela**/Velorum/Vel/VEE-luh/Sails
Virgo(z)/Virginis/Vir/VER-go/Maiden
Volans/Vplantis/Vol/VOH-lanz/Flying Fish
Vulpecula/Vulpeculae/Vul/vul-PECK-yuh-luh/Fox
(z) Constellations of the Zodiac.
* Serpens is divided into Serpens Caput (head) and Serpens Cauda (tail).
** Carina, Puppis, Pyxis and Vela may be called Argo on older maps.
Cassiopeia, Andromeda’s mother,
boasted that she was the most
beautiful woman in the world, even
more beautiful than the gods. Poseidon,
the brother of Zeus and the god of the
seas, took great offense at this
statement, for he had created the
most beautiful beings ever in the form
of his sea nymphs. In his anger, he
created a great sea monster, Cetus
(pictured as a whale) to ravage the seas
and sea coast.
Since Cassiopeia would not recant
her claim of beauty, it was decreed that she must sacrifice her only daughter,
the beautiful Andromeda, to this sea monster. So Andromeda was chained to a
large rock projecting out into the sea and was left there to await the arrival of
the great sea monster Cetus. As Cetus approached Andromeda, Perseus arrived
(some say on the winged sandals given to him by Hermes). He had just killed the
gorgon Medusa and was carrying her severed head in a special bag. When
Perseus saw the beautiful maiden in distress, like a true champion he went to
her aid. Facing the terrible sea monster, he drew the head of Medusa from the
bag and held it so that the sea monster would see it. Immediately, the sea
monster turned to stone. Perseus then freed the beautiful Andromeda and,
claiming her as his bride, took her home with him as his queen to rule.
The name most often
associated with the constellation
Aquarius is that of Ganymede,
son of Tros, King of Troy.
Ganymede was an extremely
handsome young man, the most
handsome the gods and
goddesses had ever seen.
While attending to his
father’s flocks on Mount Ida,
Ganymede caught the attention of Zeus. Zeus sent his messenger eagle, Aquila,
down to earth with instructions to bring Ganymede back up to Mount Olympus.
On Mount Olympus, Ganymede served the gods by bringing them water
whenever they needed it. He also served as cup bearer to Zeus. He was
honored for his service by Zeus, who placed a constellation called Aquarius,
which means water carrier, among the stars.
In Greek mythology, the
eagle was associated with Zeus
(Jupiter), either as a servant
who carried Zeus’ messages down
to humans on Earth or as a
disguise taken by Zeus in order
to avoid his wife Hera when he
was up to some mischief.
One story of Aquila’s
service to Zeus was that of Ganymede, who was a very gentle, kind shepherd
and the most handsome mortal the gods and goddesses had ever seen. One day,
the great eagle Aquila swooped down from the sky and, landing near the
startled Ganymede, told him that Zeus had sent him to carry Ganymede to
Mount Olympus. And so, climbing up on the eagle’s broad back, Ganymede was
taken up to Mount Olympus where he served the gods by bringing them water.
Athamas, the legendary king
of Thessaly, had two children,
Phrixus and Helle. He had
remarried and Ino, the children’s
stepmother, began to treat them
very badly. They were treated so
cruelly that Hermes took pity on
them and sent a magical ram to take
them away and escape their
stepmother’s wrath.
Mounted on the ram’s back, the children flew over land and sea to the
east. Unfortunately, Helle failed to get a good hold on the fleece of the ram
and as they flew over the strait that separates Europe and Asia, she fell off
and was drowned in the sea far below. That sea is called Hellespont to this day
in honor of her memory.
Phrixus landed safely at
Phrixus landed safely at Colches, which is on the edge of the Black Sea.
In gratitude for his safe deliverance, Phrixus sacrificed the ram and gave its
Golden Fleece to the king of that country.
In honor of the ram’s great sacrifice in saving the children, Zeus placed
the ram’s constellation, Aries, in the night sky.
The constellation
Auriga is mentioned in two
ancient stories. The first,
relating to a charioteer, is
that of Auriga, the crippled
son of Vulcan and Minerva,
who invented a four-horse
chariot in order to get
himself around. This became
such an important invention that Zeus placed the first chariot into the skies
with the other constellations.
The second story, which is the older of the two, referred to Auriga as a
gentle shepherd who, after finding one of his pregnant goats missing, went out
into the hills and searched until he found her stranded on a rocky ledge with
her two new kids. Placing her across his shoulders and carrying the two kids in
his left arm, he returned to the rest of the herd. Some stories relate how the
two kids commemorate the two daughters of the king of Crete who fed and
cared for the infant Zeus.
According to the Greeks, Bootes
was pictured as a
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