Network Terms to Learn by Kalai Selvi Arivalagan (short books to read txt) 📖

project can progress to its next milestone.  This term is believed to have been coined by Carlin Vieri and was inspired by an episode of "The Ren & Stimpy Show." The term's name alludes to the seeming uselessness of the tasks being performed, even though they may be necessary to solve a larger problem. The process of complicating a simple activity also may be considered yak shaving.

 

Decentralized Autonomous Organization

 

A decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) is an entity in a digital system facilitated by smart contracts. Smart contracts involve digital tools and protocols that help support specific transactions or other contract elements. The decentralized autonomous organization works with popular cryptocurrency and digital ledger operations that many world governments and businesses are moving toward for more transparency and for evolving anti-corruption innovations.

 

Room-Scale VR

 

In virtual reality, room-scale VR is the idea of connecting a physical room or space to a virtual reality world. It is part of the emerging virtual reality industry, and it is a component of how VR is innovating to provide more compelling virtual reality experiences for users.

 

Quantifier

In logic, a quantifier is a language element that helps in generation of a quantification, which is a construct that mentions the number of specimens in the given domain of discourse satisfying a given open formula. Quantifiers are largely used in logic, natural languages and discrete mathematics.

 

Database Management System

 

A database management system (DBMS) is a software package designed to define, manipulate, retrieve and manage data in a database. A DBMS generally manipulates the data itself, the data format, field names, record structure and file structure. It also defines rules to validate and manipulate this data. Database management systems are set up on specific data handling concepts, as the practice of administrating a database evolves. The earliest databases only handled individual single pieces of specially formatted data. Today’s more evolved systems can handle different kinds of less formatted data and tie them together in more elaborate ways.

 

Cloud Backup

Cloud backup is a type of service through which cloud computing resources and infrastructure are used to create, edit, manage and restore data, services or application backup. This is done remotely over the internet.  Cloud backup may also be called online backup or remote backup.

 

Data Preprocessing

Data preprocessing involves transforming raw data to well-formed data sets so that data mining analytics can be applied. Raw data is often incomplete and has inconsistent formatting. The adequacy or inadequacy of data preparation has a direct correlation with the success of any project that involve data analyics.

Preprocessing involves both data validation and data imputation. The goal of data validation is to assess whether the data in question is both complete and accurate. The goal of data imputation is to correct errors and input missing values -- either manually or automatically through business process automation (BPA) programming.

Data preprocessing is used in both database-driven and rules-based applications. In machine learning (ML) processes, data preprocessing is critical for ensuring large datasets are formatted in such a way that the data they contain can be interpreted and parsed by learning algorithms.

Term of the day - 6

 Business Process Modeling

Business process modeling (BPM) refers to the creation of a model of a business process in order to better understand that process. Business process modeling relies on conventions like Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) or Unified Modeling Language (UML) to set up models or simulations of a business process for evaluation and possible alteration.

 

DLL Hell

DLL hell is a common term for various problems associated with the use of dynamic link libraries (DLLs) or DLL files. A DLL file is a resource within the Windows operating system that contains code and data related to the functionality of one or more applications. These files, which may have the file extension .dll or other file extensions, have been a major building block for the Windows operating system and Windows programs since the early MS-DOS versions of Microsoft's computer technology. Successive versions of Windows have illustrated certain problems with the use of DLL files for many different programs.

 

Thick App

A thick app is an application that receives most of its functionality from the client side, rather than relying to a large extent on an auxiliary server. This is in contrast to thin applications that rely heavily on external servers. The terminology "thick app" comes from the terms "thick client" and "thin client" which are used to describe different types of server/client setups.

 

Phubbing

Phubbing is a term created by the combination of the words phone and snubbing. It refers to a person interactiing with their phone (or other device) rather than interacting with a human being. The use of this, and other terms around mobile device use, showcases a growing issue with different kinds of technology, including the delicate balance of sharing time and attention when facing two very different interactions at the same time.

 

Pretexting

Pretexting is a social engineering technique in which a fictional situation is created for the purpose of obtaining personal and sensitive information from an unsuspecting individual. It usually involves researching a target and making use of his/her data for impersonation or manipulation. Personal data may include Social Security numbers (SSN), usernames, passwords or other privileged information.

 

Kernel

A kernel is the core component of an operating system. Using interprocess communication and system calls, it acts as a bridge between applications and the data processing performed at the hardware level. When an operating system is loaded into memory, the kernel loads first and remains in memory until the operating system is shut down again. The kernel is responsible for low-level tasks such as disk management, task management and memory management.

 

Monolithic Kernel

A monolithic kernel is an operating system software framework that holds all privileges to access input/output (I/O) devices, memory, hardware interrupts and the CPU stack. Monolithic kernels tend to be larger than other kernels because they deal with so many aspects of computer processing at the lowest level, and therefore have to incorporate code that interfaces with many devices, I/O and interrupt channels, and other hardware operators. This form of kernel is the basis for Linux, Unix, MS-DOS and Mac OS. Newer operating systems typically use a hybrid kernel to allow for easier maintenance and operating system improvements.

 

Browser Modifier

A browser modifier is a type of malware created for the sole purpose of hijacking and modifying a Web browser's settings. Browser modifiers are installed when users inadvertently click pop-up messages without reading the content that explains how to cancel the pop-up.  This term is also known as a browser hijacker, although the latter may refer to malware with more malicious, rather than mischievous, intentions.

 

Particle Swarm Optimization

Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a population-based stochastic method that helps with optimization problems. It is modeled after natural processes, such as the flocking of birds or the movement of schools of fish.

 

Cryptography

Cryptography involves creating written or generated codes that allow information to be kept secret. Cryptography converts data into a format that is unreadable for an unauthorized user, allowing it to be transmitted without unauthorized entities decoding it back into a readable format, thus compromising the data.

Information security uses cryptography on several levels. The information cannot be read without a key to decrypt it. The information maintains its integrity during transit and while being stored. Cryptography also aids in nonrepudiation. This means that the sender and the delivery of a message can be verified. Cryptography is also known as cryptology.

 

Public Key Cryptography

Public key cryptography (PKC) is an encryption technique that uses a paired public and private key (or asymmetric key) algorithm for secure data communication. A message sender uses a recipient's public key to encrypt a message. To decrypt the sender's message, only the recipient's private key may be used. The two types of PKC algorithms are RSA, which is an acronym related to this algorithm's inventors: Rivest, Shamir and Adelman and Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA). PKC encryption evolved to meet the growing secure communication demands of multiple sectors and industries, such as the military. PKC is also known as public key encyrption, asymmetric encryption, asymmetric cryptography, asymmetric cipher and asymmetric key encryption.

 

Conficker

Conficker is a worm that infects computers running the Windows operating system by using known flaws in Windows. Conficker uses dictionary attacks on administrator passwords to hijack machines and link them to a virtual machine that is remotely controlled by its creator.

 

Delta Rule

The Delta rule in machine learning and neural network environments is a specific type of backpropagation that helps to refine connectionist ML/AI networks, making connections between inputs and outputs with layers of artificial neurons. The Delta rule is also known as the Delta learning rule.

 

Gated Recurrent Unit

A gated recurrent unit (GRU) is part of a specific model of recurrent neural network that intends to use connections through a sequence of nodes to perform machine learning tasks associated with memory and clustering, for instance, in speech recognition. Gated recurrent units help to adjust neural network input weights to solve the vanishing gradient problem that is a common issue with recurrent neural networks.

 

Browser Isolation

Browser isolation is a cutting-edge idea in cybersecurity that consists of maintaining browser operations away from a bare-metal environment or intermediate server hardware system, in order to provide barriers against malware, viruses and other threats. With browser isolation, the user's browser session is abstracted away from direct internet access – that allows all sorts of harmful activity to be trapped at an exterior level, and never penetrate the inside of a local area network or other network atmosphere.

 

Integrated Analytics Platform

An integrated analytics platform is an integrated solution that brings together performance management, analytics and business intelligence tools in a single package. It provides an end-to-end solution for delivering business intelligence from multiple fronts and gives the user a clear visual representation of data as well as providing services such as revenue calculation, forecasting and developing marketing strategy models and algorithms all on the same system, allowing for interoperability.

 

Backup Bit

A backup bit is a single unit of binary data that shows a value of either one or zero. Some processes use the backup bit to determine whether a file has been backed up or modified.  A backup bit is also known as an archive bit. 

 

Blind Drop

 

A blind drop is a hidden location where a malware program, Trojan or virus drops information gathered from a host. The automatically gathered data remains in that location until it is retrieved by the attacker.  The data could be credit card or bank account details, usernames and passwords or any personal information the attacker may use to hack into the host's accounts.  It is very hard to detect where data is coming from or where it is going, even if the location is discovered.

 

Extensible Markup Language

 

Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a universal format, maintained by the W3C, used for representation and transfer of structured data on the web or between different applications.  The language uses a structured representation by allowing users to create custom defined tags according to XML Document Type Definition (DTD) standards. The structure of an XML document can be represented in the form of a tree known as a Document Object Model (DOM).

 

Vendor Neutral Archive (VNA)

 

A vendor neutral archive (VNA) keeps medical images in a standardized format within an interface, for the purposes of interoperability and free transfer. Although the vendor neutral archive is generally used in the health care industry, the same concept could be extended to