The Wealth of Nations Adam Smith (best novels to read for beginners txt) 📖

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Misprinted “their” in Eds. 4 and 5. ↩

Lectures, p. 10. ↩

Lectures, p. 15: “Till there be property there can be no government, the very end of which is to secure wealth and to defend the rich from the poor.” Cp. Locke, Civil Government, § 94, “government has no other end but the preservation of property.” ↩

They are to be found in Tyrrel’s History of England. —⁠Smith

General History of England, Both Ecclesiastical and Civil, by James Tyrrell, vol. ii, 1700, pp. 576⁠–⁠579. The king is Richard I, not Henry II. —⁠Cannan ↩

Ed. 1 reads “except when they stand in need of the interposition of his authority in order to protect them from the oppression of some of their fellow subjects.” ↩

Iliad, ix, 149⁠–⁠156, but the presents are not the “sole advantage” mentioned. ↩

The extraordinary accent here and seven lines lower down appears first in ed. 2. ↩

Smith was in Toulouse from February or March, 1764, to August, 1765. —⁠Rae, Life of Adam Smith, pp. 174, 175, 188 ↩

Lectures, p. 49. Above, here. ↩

These two lines are not in Eds. 1 and 2. See this note. ↩

Eds. 1⁠–⁠4 read “is”; cp. this note. ↩

Ed. 1 reads “tear and wear.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “seems to be capable.” ↩

Since publishing the two first editions of this book, I have got good reasons to believe that all the turnpike tolls levied in Great Britain do not produce a neat revenue that amounts to half a million; a sum which, under the management of Government, would not be sufficient to keep in repair five of the principal roads in the kingdom. —⁠Smith

This and the next note appear first in ed. 3. —⁠Cannan ↩

I have now good reasons to believe that all these conjectural sums are by much too large. ↩

Ed. 1 reads here and two lines lower down “tear and wear.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “partly in the six days’ labour.” ↩

Here and in the next sentence for “the labour of the country people,” ed. 1 reads “the six days’ labour.” ↩

Voyages de François Bernier, Amsterdam, 1710, can scarcely be said to discredit the ordinary eulogy of Indian roads and canals by an account of any particular works, but it does so by not mentioning them in places where it would be natural to do so if they had existed or been remarkable. See tom. ii, p. 249, “les grandes rivières qui en ces quartiers n’ont ordinairement point de ponts.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “or.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “tyranny by which the intendant chastises any parish or communauté which has had the misfortune to fall under his displeasure.” ↩

This section (ending on here) appears first in Additions and Corrections and ed. 3. ↩

Anderson, Commerce, AD 1606. ↩

Commerce, AD 1620, and cp. AD 1623. ↩

Sir Josiah Child, New Discourse of Trade, etc., chap. iii, divides companies into those in joint stock and those “who trade not by a joint stock, but only are under a government and regulation.” ↩

The company or society of the Merchant Adventurers of England. ↩

Additions and Corrections reads “Russian,” probably a misprint, though “Russian,” which is incorrect, appears on the next page. ↩

Eds. 1⁠–⁠3 read “restraints.” ↩

Anderson, Commerce, AD 1643: the fine was doubled in that year, being raised to £100 for Londoners and £50 for others. ↩

Anderson, Commerce, AD 1661, under which the other two years are also mentioned. ↩

Additions and Corrections and Eds. 3 and 4 read “has.” Smith very probably wrote “there has been no complaint.” ↩

The preamble recites the history of the company. ↩

Anderson, Commerce, AD 1672. ↩

New Discourse of Trade, chap. iii, quoted by Anderson, Commerce, AD 1672. This part of the book was not published till long after 1672, but seems to have been written before the closing of the Exchequer in that year. ↩

Anderson, Commerce, AD 1605, 1643, 1753. ↩

Additions and Corrections reads “extensive.” ↩

See the preamble to 26 Geo. II, c. 18. —⁠Anderson, Commerce, AD 1753 ↩

New Discourse of Trade, chap. iii. ↩

Below, here. ↩

Additions and Corrections reads “all the other.” ↩

A joint-stock company here is an incorporated or chartered company. The common application of the term to other companies is later. ↩

Anderson, Commerce, AD 1723. ↩

It stood at this amount from 1746 to the end of 1781, but was then increased by a call of 8 percent. —⁠Anderson, Commerce, AD 1746, and (Continuation) AD 1781 ↩

Anderson, Commerce, AD 1672 and AD 1698. ↩

Anderson, Commerce, AD 1670. ↩

Anderson, Commerce, AD 1698. ↩

10 Ann., c. 27. Anderson, Commerce, AD 1712. ↩

Anderson, Commerce, AD 1730. The annual grant