The Wealth of Nations Adam Smith (best novels to read for beginners txt) 📖

liv., xxvi, ch. v. ↩

The words “one of” do not occur in Eds. 1 and 2. They are perhaps a misprint for “some of” or a misreading suggested by a failure to understand that “his own life” is that of Marcus Antoninus. See Lucian, Eunuchus, iii. ↩

Above, here. ↩

Ed. 1 reads “the minds of men are not.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “from.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “the.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “as it is capable of being.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “the use of those members.” ↩

Eds. 1⁠–⁠3 read “is.” ↩

In Discourses on the First Decade of Titus Livius, book iii, chap. i. ↩

The original reads “finances, armies, fleets.” ↩

Hume, History, chap. xxix, vol. iv, pp. 30, 31, in ed. of 1773, which differs verbally both from earlier and from later editions. ↩

Ed. 1 reads “of each sect.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “the most numerous sect.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “of each sect.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “Roman Catholic church.” ↩

Ed. 1 does not contain “and.” ↩

These nine words are not in ed. 1. ↩

Ed. 1 reads “great and consistorial.” ↩

Daniel, Histoire de France, 1755, tom. vii, pp. 158, 159; tom. ix, p. 40. ↩

“Il ne lui resta que deux domestiques pour le servir et lui préparer à manger, encore faisaient-ils passer par le feu les plats où il mangeait, et les vases où il buvait pour les purifier, comme ayant été fouillés par un homme retranché de la communion des fidèles.” —⁠Daniel, Histoire de France, 1755 tom. iii, pp. 305⁠–⁠306. Hénault’s account is similar, Nouvel Abrégé chronologique, 1768, tom. i, p. 114, AD 996. ↩

Ed. 1 reads “by the general prevalence of those doctrines.” ↩

Eds. 1 and 2 read “take party.” ↩

The “Act concerning Patronages,” 53rd of the second session of the first parliament of William and Mary, is doubtless meant, but this is a separate Act from the “Act ratifying the Confession of Faith and settling Presbyterian Church Government,” Acts of the Parliaments of Scotland, 1822, vol. ix, pp. 133, 196. ↩

The preamble of the Act mentions “the great hardship upon the patrons” as well as the “great heats and divisions.” ↩

Ed. 1 reads “small benefice.” ↩

Voltaire’s expression is not quite so strong as it is represented. He says in the catalogue of writers in the Siècle de Louis XIV, “Porée (Charles), né en Normandie en 1675, Jésuite, du petit nombre des professeurs qui ont eu de la célébrité chez les gens du monde. Eloquent dans le goût de Sénèque, poéte et très bel esprit. Son plus grand mérite fut de faire aimer les lettres et la vertu à ses disciples. Mort en 1741.” ↩

Quaere as to Suetonius. Ed. 1 continues here “Several of those whom we do not know with certainty to have been public teachers appear to have been private tutors. Polybius, we know, was private tutor to Scipio Æmilianus; Dionysius of Halicarnassus, there are some probable reasons for believing, was so to the children of Marcus and Quintus Cicero.” ↩

The Lectures leave little doubt that this is a fragment of autobiography. ↩

Ed. 5 reads “expenses,” but this seems to be a misprint or misreading suggested by the fact that several expenses have been mentioned. ↩

See Memoires concernant les Droits & Impositions en Europe: tom. i page 73. This work was compiled by the order of the court for the use of a commission employed for some years past in considering the proper means for reforming the finances of France. The account of the French taxes, which takes up three volumes in quarto, may be regarded as perfectly authentic. That of those of other European nations was compiled from such informations as the French ministers at the different courts could procure. It is much shorter, and probably not quite so exact as that of the French taxes. —⁠Smith

The book is by Moreau de Beaumont, Paris, 1768⁠–⁠9, 4 vols., 4to. The correct title of vol. i is Mémoires concernant les Impositions et Droits en Europe; vols. ii.-iv are Mémoires concernant les Impositions et Droits, 2nde. Ptie., Impositions et Droits en France. Smith obtained his copy through Turgot, and attached great value to it, believing it to be very rare. See Bonar, Catalogue, p. 10. —⁠Cannan ↩

History of Florence, book viii, ad fin. ↩

Details are given above, here, but that is in a passage which appears first in ed. 3. ↩

Above, here. ↩

See Memoires concernant les Droits & Impositions en Europe; tom. i. p. 73. ↩

The figures are those of the Land Tax Acts. ↩

See on these estimates Sir Robert Giffen, Growth of Capital, 1889, pp. 89, 90. ↩

See Sketches of the History of Man 1774, by Henry Home, Lord Kames, vol. i page 474 & seq. —⁠Smith

This author at the place quoted gives six “general rules” as to taxation:⁠—

“That wherever there