Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds by Charles Mackay (read book txt) 📖

42. Alexius III., usurping the Greek empire, is expelled by the Crusaders, ii. 77. Alexius IV. made Emperor of the Greeks by the aid of the Crusaders, ii. 77; his deposition and murder, 78. Alexius Ducas (Murzuphlis) chosen Emperor instead of Alexius IV., ii. 78; defeated by the French and Venetians, 79. Alfarabi, the Alchymist, memoir of, i. 97. Almanac-makers: Lilly, Poor Robin, Partridge, Francis Moore, Matthew Laensbergh, i. 240. Aluys, Albert, the Alchymist, memoir of, i. 97. American laws against duelling, ii. 299. Amsterdam, witches burnt at, ii. 160. Animal Magnetism. (See Magnetism.) Andrews, Henry, the original of “Francis Moore,” portrait, i. 244. Anna Comnena, her notices of the Crusaders, ii. 22, 25. Anne, Queen, duels in her reign, ii. 289; her efforts to suppress them, 292. Antioch, besieged by the Crusaders, ii. 29; is taken by treachery, 32; sufferings of the Crusaders from famine and pestilence, 35; pretended discovery of the Holy Lance (engraving), 37; battle, and defeat of the Turks, 38; retaken by Saladin, 63. Aquinas, Thomas, his studies in Alchymy, i. 99; he destroys an animated brazen statue, 100; his magical performances, 101. Arabia, the chief seat of the Alchymists, i. 96. Arnold de Villeneuve. (See De Villeneuve.) Arras, view of the Town-hall, ii. 101; persecution of the Waldenses at, 115. Art, works of, destroyed by the Crusaders at Constantinople, ii. 79. Artephius, his extravagant pretensions as an Alchymist, i. 102. Astrology, its prevalence in England, i. 243; account of Lilly’s prophecies, 244; its connexion with Alchymy. (See the Alchymists, Dr. Dee, &c.) Augurello the Alchymist, memoir of, i. 137. Augury, an almost exploded study, i. 272. Aurea-crucians, a sect founded by Jacob Böhmen, i. 177. Avicenna the Alchymist, memoir of, i. 98. Bacon, Lord, portrait of, ii. 286; his opposition to duelling, 285, 287. Bacon, Roger, his pursuit of Alchymy, i. 110; his scientific discoveries, 111. Bagnone, Francisco, the magnetiser, i. 272. Bailly, M., his account of Mesmer’s experiments, i. 281, 293. Baldarroch Farm-house, “haunted,” ii. 235; investigation by the elders of the kirk; the noises caused by servant-girls, 237. Baldwin (King of Jerusalem), joins the Crusaders at Nice, ii. 27; becomes prince of Edessa, 30, 41; succeeds Godfrey as King of Jerusalem, 48; bible of his queen (engraving), 50. Baldwin, Count of Flanders, chosen Emperor of the Greeks, ii. 80. Ballads. (See Songs.) Bamberg, view in; witches executed there, ii. 162. Banditti in Italy, ii. 256. Banking schemes of John Law, i. 4. Bank of England, its competition with the South-Sea Company, i. 48, 66. Baptism mocked in the witches’ “Sabbaths,” ii. 109. Barbarin, Chevalier de, his experiments in animal magnetism, i. 286. Barbarossa, the Emperor, commences the Third Crusade; his death, ii. 63, 64. Barthelemy, Peter, his pretended vision and discovery of the “holy lance;” its effect on the Crusaders; battle of Antioch, the Turks defeated, ii. 35-40; charged with falsehood, subjected to the fiery ordeal, and burnt to death, 41. Bastille, the. (See Paris.) Bavaria, ordinance against moustaches, i. 302. Beards forbidden to be worn; religious and political prejudices, i. 296-303. (See Hair.) Beckmann’s remarks on the tulip, i. 86. “Beggar’s Opera,” its popularity and immoral influence, ii. 258. Beranger’s Song, “Thirteen at Table,” i. 257. Bernard of Treves, the Alchymist, memoir of, i. 119. Best and Lord Camelford, their fatal duel, ii. 297. Bethlehem, Shrine of the Nativity (engraving), ii. 43; Richard I. arrives there; view of the city, ii. 73. Bible of the Queen of Baldwin, King of Jerusalem, (engraving), ii. 50. “Blue Beard,” the Maréchal de Rays his supposed prototype, i. 132. Blunt, Sir John, Chairman of the South-Sea Bubble, his share in the fraud, i. 63, 74, 77; his examination by Parliament, 75; his property confiscated, 81; Pope’s sketch of him, 74. Bodinus, his persecution of witches, ii. 159. Boerhave, his belief in Alchymy, i. 185. Bohemund, his courage displayed in the Crusades, ii. 21, 28, 30, 31, 35, 38, 39; takes Antioch, by treachery in the garrison, 32; is made Prince of Antioch, 32, 41. Böhmen, Jacob, the Alchymist, memoir of, i. 177. Bonfires on Tower Hill, on the committal of the South-Sea schemers, i. 79. Booker, an astrologer, notice of, i. 244. Boots, torture of the (engraving), ii. 131. Borri, the Alchymist, memoir of, i. 179. Bourdeaux, haunted house at, ii. 221. Bourges, house of Jaques Cœur (engraving), i. 134. Boyd, Captain, killed in a duel, ii. 293. “Brabant Screen,” the, a caricature of the South-Sea Bubble, i. 76. Breda, siege of, i. 270. Bremen, Nadel’s escape from prison, ii. 257. Brinvilliers, Madame de, her atrocious murders; escape from France; subsequent trial and execution, ii. 208-214; relics of her fate anxiously sought after, 305. Brown, Sir Thomas, portrait of; his belief in witchcraft, ii. 151. Bubble Companies, contemporaneously with the South-Sea Scheme, their extravagant character, i. 52; profits of the promoters, 53; declared unlawful, 55, 86; companies dissolved, 57. “Bubble Cards,” or Caricatures, i. 60, 61. Buckingham, Villiers, Duke of, his rise in the favour of James I., ii. 197; portrait of, 198; suspected to have poisoned the king, 201. Byron, Lord, his trial for the murder of Mr. Chaworth in a duel, ii. 292. Byron, Lord, his poetical villains, ii. 259. Cagliostro, memoir of, i. 206; his adventures in London, 209; view of his house, 215; implicated in the theft of the diamond necklace, tried and acquitted, 216-220; again in London, imprisonment and death at Rome, 220. Cagliostro, the Countess, i. 208; his accomplice; her wit, beauty, and ingenuity, 213-216. Cambridge University, annual sermon against witchcraft, ii. 127. Camelford, Lord, killed in a duel, ii. 297. Camhel, Sultan, his generosity to the Christians, ii. 84, 85. Campbell, Major, his duel with Capt. Boyd, and execution, ii. 293. Candlemas Eve, superstitious customs, i. 258. Cant phrases. (See Popular follies.) Cards. (See Fortune-telling.) Caricatures, referring to the Mississippi Scheme (four engravings), i. 25, 29, 37, 40, 44. Caricatures of the South-Sea Bubble (seven engravings), i. 60, 61, 68, 70, 76, 82, 84. Casaubon, his account of Dr. Dee’s intercourse with spirits, i. 155. “Chambre Ardente,” instituted by Louis XIV. for the trial of poisoners, ii. 214, 283. Change Alley during the South-Sea Bubble (engraving), i. 60. Charlemagne, his edicts against witches, ii. 109. Charles I. prevents a duel, ii. 287. Charles II., his disgraceful conduct in reference to a duel, ii. 288. Charles VI. of France, his studies in Alchymy, i. 117; his work on that subject, 136. Charles IX. of France, his patronage of Nostradamus, i. 246; portrait of, ii. 119; his belief in witchcraft, 120. Chaworth, Mr., killed by Lord Byron in a duel, ii. 292. Chemistry, its connexion with Alchymy; valuable discoveries of the Alchymists, i. 207, 221. Children in the Crusades; their personal bravery, ii. 45; are sold to slavery, 81. Children executed for witchcraft, ii. 163, 179, 181. Christina, Queen of Sweden, her patronage of Alchymy, i. 183, 185. Clermont, Urban II. preaches the Crusade there; cathedral of (engraving), ii. 9. Cock-Lane Ghost, history of the deception; views of the “haunted house,” ii. 228, 230. Cœur, Jaques, memoir of, i. 132; his house at Bourges (engraving), 132. Cohreddin, Sultan, his generosity to the Christians, ii. 84, 85. Coke, Chief Justice, portrait of, ii. 199; the poisoners of Sir Thomas Overbury tried by him, 198. Collins, Joseph, contriver of mysterious noises at Woodstock Palace, ii. 224. Comets regarded as omens, i. 223, 225; actually dangerous, 228. Conrad, Emperor of Germany, joins the Crusades, ii. 56; reaches Jerusalem, 60; returns to Europe, 62. Constance, view of the town gate, ii. 116; witches executed there, 117, 160. Constantinople during the Crusades, ii. 17, 23-26, 56, 77-80; view of, 78. Contumacy (refusing to plead to a criminal charge); its severe punishment, ii. 199. Cornhill at the time of the South-Sea Bubble (engraving), i. 51. Cosmopolite, the, an anonymous alchymist, memoir of, i. 163. Cowley’s poetical description of the tulip, i. 86; his lines on relics of great men, ii. 308. Craggs, Mr. Secretary, portrait of, i. 64; his participation in the South-Sea Bubble, 64, 71, 73, 77, 78; his death, 80. Craggs, Mr., father of the above, his participation in the fraud; his death, i. 80. Criminals, anxiety to possess relics of their crimes, ii. 306. (See Thieves.) Cromwell, Sir Samuel, his persecution of “The Witches of Warbois,” ii. 126. Cross, trial or ordeal of the, ii. 264. Cross, the true. (See Relics.) Crusades, The, ii. 1-100; differently represented in history and in romance; pilgrimages before the Crusades, ii. 2; encouraged by Haron al Reschid; pilgrims taxed by the Fatemite caliphs; increase of pilgrimages in anticipation of the millenium, 3; oppressions of the Turks; consequent indignation of the pilgrims, 4; Peter the Hermit espouses their cause; state of the public mind in Europe, 5; motives leading to the Crusades, 6; Peter the Hermit stimulates