The Power of Movement in Plants by Charles Darwin (book club books TXT) π
- Author: Charles Darwin
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β, Erasmus, on the peduncles of Cyclamens, 433
β, Francis, on the radicle of Sinapis alba, 486; on Hygroscopic seeds, 489, n.
Datura stramonium, nocturnal movement of cotyledons, 298
Delpino, on cotyledons of Chaerophyllum and Corydalis, 96, n.
Delphinium nudicaule, mode of breaking through the ground, 80
β, confluent petioles of two cotyledons, 553
Desmodium gyrans, movement of leaflets, 257, n.
β, position of leaves at night, 285
β, sleep of leaves, not of cotyledons, 314
β, circumnutation and nycti-
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DESMODIUMβEUCALYPTUS
tropic movement of leaves, 358-360
Desmodium gyrans, movement of lateral leaflets, 361
β, jerking of leaflets, 362
β nyctitropic movement of petioles, 400, 401
β, diameter of plant at night, 402
β, lateral movement of leaves, 404
β, zigzag movement of apex of leaf, 405
β, shape of lateral leaflet, 416
β, vespertilionis, 364, n.
Deutzia gracilis, circumnutation of stem, 205
Diageotropism, 5; or transverse-geotropism, 520
Diaheliotropism, 5; or Transversal-Heliotropismus of Frank, 419; influenced by epinasty, 439; by weight and apogeotropism, 440
Dianthus caryophyllus, 230
β, circumnutation of young leaf, 231, 269
Dicotyledons, circumnutation widely spread among, 68
Dionoea, oscillatory movements of leaves, 261, 271
Dionoea muscipula, circumnutation of young expanding leaf, 239, 240
β, closure of the lobes and circumnutation of a full-grown leaf, 241
β, oscillations of, 242-244
Diurnal sleep, 419
Drosera Capensis, structure of first-formed leaves, 414
β rotundifolia, movement of young leaf, 237, 238
β, of the tentacles, 239
β, sensitiveness of tentacles, 261
β, shape of leaves, 414
β, leaves not heliotropic, 450
β, leaves circumnutate largely, 454
β, sensitiveness of 570
Duchartre on Trephrosia cariboea, 354; on the nyctitropic movement of the Cassia, 369
Duval-Jouve, on the movements of Bryophyllum calycinum, 237; of the narrow leaves of the Gramineae, 413
Dyer, Mr. Thiselton, on the leaves of Crotolaria, 340; on Cassia floribunda, 369, n., on the absorbent hairs on the buried flower-heads of Trifolium subterraneum, 517
E.
Echeveria stolonifera, circumnutation of leaf, 237
Echinocactus viridescens, its rudimentary cotyledons, 97
Echinocystis lobata, movements of tendrils, 266
β, apogeotropism of tendrils, 510
Elfving, F., on the rhizomes of Sparganium ramosum, 189; on the diageotropic movement in the rhizomes of some plants, 521
Elymus arenareus, leaves closed during the day, 413
Embryology of leaves, 414
Engelmann, Dr., on the Quercus virens, 85
Epinasty, 5, 267
Epicotyl, or plumule, 5; manner of breaking through the ground, 77; emerges from the ground under the form of an arch, 553
Erythrina caffra, sleep of leaves, 367
β corallodendron, movement of terminal leaflet, 367
β crista-galli, effect of temperature on sleep of leaves, 318
β, circumnutation and nyctitropic movement of terminal leaflets, 367
Eucalyptus resinifera, circumnutation of leaves, 244
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EUPHORBIAβGYMNOSPERMS
Euphorbia jacquineaeflora, nyctitropic movement of leaves, 388
F.
Flahault, M., on the rupture of seed-coats, 102-104, 106
Flower-stems, circumnutation of, 223-226
Fragaria Rosacea, circumnutation of stolon, 214-218
Frank, Dr. A. B., the terms Heliotropism and Geotropism, first used by him, 5, n.; radicles acted on by geotropism, 70, n.; on the stolons of Fragaria, 215; periodic and nyctitropic movements of leaves, 284; on the root-leaves of plants kept in darkness, 443; on pulvini, 485; on natural selection in connection with geotropism, heliotropism, etc., 570
β, on Transversal-Heliotropismus, 419
Fuchsia, circumnutation of stem, 205, 206
G.
Gazania ringens, circumnutation of stem, 208 Genera containing sleeping plants, 320, 321
Geotropism, 5; effect of, on the primary radicle, 196; the reverse of apogeotropism, 512: effect on the tips of radicles, 543
Geranium cinereum, 304
β Endressii, 304
β Ibericum, nocturnal movement of cotyledons, 298
β Richardsoni, 304
β rotundifolium, nocturnal movement of cotyledon, 304, 312
β subcaulescens, 304
Germinating seed, history of a, 548
Githago segetum, circumnutation of hypocotyl, 21, 108
β, burying of hypocotyl, 109
β, seedlings feebly illuminated, 124, 128
β, sleep of cotyledon, 302
β, β leaves 321
Glaucium luteum, circumnutation of young leaves, 228
Gleditschia, sleep of leaves, 368
Glycine hispida, vertical sinking of leaflets, 366
Glycyrrhiza, leaflets depressed at night, 355
Godlewski, Emil, on the turgescence of the cells, 485
Gooseberry, effect of radiation, 284
Gossypium (var. Nankin cotton), circumnutation of hypocotyl, 22
β, movement of cotyledon, 22, 23
β, sleep of leaves, 324
β, arboreum (?), sleep of cotyledons, 303
β, Braziliense, nocturnal movement of leaves, 324
β, sleep of cotyledons, 303
β herbaceum, sensitiveness of apex of radicle, 168
β, radicles cauterised transversely, 537
β maritimum, nocturnal movement of leaves, 324
Gravitation, movements excited by, 567
Gray, Asa, on Delphinium nudicaule, 80; on Megarrhiza Californica, 81; on the movements in the fruiting fronds of Aesplenium trichomanes, 257; on the Amphicarpoea monoica, 520; on the Ipomoea Jalappa, 557
Grease, effect of, on radicles and their tips, 182, 185
Gressner, Dr. H., on the cotyledons of Cyclamen Persicum, 46, 77; on hypocotyl of the same, 96
Gymnosperms, 389
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HABERLANDTβIPOMOEA
H.
Haberlandt, Dr., on the protuberance on the hypocotyl of Allium, 59; the importance of the arch to seedling plants, 87; sub-aοΏ½rial and subterranean cotyledons, 110, n.; the arched hypocotyl, 554
Haematoxylon Campechianum, nocturnal movement of leaves, 368, 369
Hedera helix, circumnutation of stem, 207
Hedysarum coronarium, nocturnal movements of leaves, 356
Helianthemum prostratum, geotropic movement of flower-heads, 518
Helianthus annuus, circumnutation of hypocotyl, 45
β, arching of hypocotyl, 90
β, nocturnal movement of cotyledons, 305
Heliotropism, 5; uses of, 449; a modified form of circumnutation, 490
Helleborus niger, mode of breaking through the ground, 86
Hensen, Prof., on roots in worm-burrows, 72
Henslow, Rev. G., on the cotyledons of Phalaris Canariensis, 62
Hofmeister, on the curious movement of Spirogyra, 3, 259, n.; of the leaves of Pistia stratiotes, 255; of cotyledons at night, 297; of petals, 414
β and Batalin on the movements of the cabbage, 229
Hooker, Sir J., on the effect of light on the pitchers of Sarracenia, 450
Hypocotyl, 5; manner of breaking through the ground, 77; emerges under the form of an arch, 553
Hypocotyls and Epicotyls, circumnutation and other movements when arched, 98; power of straightening themselves, 100; rupture of the seed-coats, 102-106; illustration of, 106; circumnutation when erect, 107; when in dark, 108
Hyponasty, 6, 267
I.
Iberis umbellata, movement of stem, 202.
Illumination, effect of, on the sleep of leaves, 398
Imatophyllum vel Clivia (sp.?), movement of leaves, 255
Indigofera tinctoria, leaflets depressed at night, 354
Inheritance in plants, 407, 491
Insectivorous and climbing plants not heliotropic, 450; influence of light on, 488
Ipomoea bona nox, arching of hypocotyl, 90
β, nocturnal position of cotyledons, 306, 312
β coerulea vel Pharbitis nil, circumnutation of seedlings, 47
β, movement of cotyledons, 47-49, 109
β, nocturnal movements of cotyledons, 305
β, sleep of leaves, 386
β, sensitiveness to light, 451
β, the hypocotyledonous stems heliotropic, 453
β coccinea, position of cotyledons at night, 306, 312
β leptophylla, mode of breaking through the ground, 83, 84
β, arching of the petioles of the cotyledons, 90
β, difference in sensitiveness to gravitation in different parts, 509
β, extraordinary manner of germination, 557
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IPOMOEAβLOTUS
Ipomoea pandurata, manner of germination, 84, 557
β purpurea (vel Pharbitis hispida), nocturnal movement of cotyledons, 305, 312
β, sleep of leaves, 386
β, sensitiveness to light, 451
β, the hypocotyledonous stems heliotropic, 453
Iris pseudo-acorus, circumnutation of leaves, 253
Irmisch, on cotyledons of Ranunculus Ficaria, 96
Ivy, its stems heliotropic, 451
K.
Kerner on the bending down of peduncles, 414
Klinostat, the, an instrument devised by Sachs to eliminate geotropism, 93
Kraus, Dr. Carl, on the underground shoots of Triticum repens, 189; on Cannabis sativa, 250, 307, 312; on the movements of leaves, 318
L.
Lactuca scariola, sleep of cotyledons, 305
Lagenaria vulgaris, circumnutation of seedlings, 42
β, of cotyledons, 43
β, cotyledons vertical at night, 304
Lathraea squamaria, mode of breaking through the ground, 85
β, quantity of water secreted, 85, 86, n.
Lathyrus nissolia, circumnutation of stem of young seedling, 33
β, ellipses described by, 107, 108
Leaves, circumnutation of, 226-262; dicotyledons, 226-252; monocotyledons, 252-257; nyctitropism of, 280; their temperature affected by their position at night, 294; nyctitropic or sleep movements, 315, 394; periodicity of their movements inherited, 407; embryology of, 414; so-called diurnal sleep, 445
Leguminosae, sleep of cotyledons, 308; sleeping species, 340
Le Maout and Decaisne, 67
Lepidium sativum, sleep of cotyledons, 302
Light, movements excited by 418, 563; influence on most vegetable tissues, 486; acts on plant as on the nervous system of animals, 487
Lilium auratum, circumnutation of stem, 212
β, apogeotropic movement of stem, 498, 499
Linnaeus, βSomnus Plantarumβ, 280; on plants sleeping, 320; on the leaves of Sida abutilon, 324; on Oenothera mollissima, 383
Linum Berendieri, nocturnal movement of cotyledons, 298
β usitatissimum, circumnutation of stem, 203
Lolium perenne, joints affected by apogeotropism, 502
Lonicera brachypoda, hooking of the tip, 272
β, sensitiveness to light, 453
Loomis, Mr., on the movements in the fruiting fronds of Asplenium trichomanes, 257
Lotus aristata, effect of radiation on leaves, 292
β Creticus, leaves awake and asleep, 354
β Gebelii, nocturnal movement of cotyledons, 308
β, leaflets provided with pulvini, 353
β Jacobaeus, movements of cotyledons, 35, 109
β, pulvini of, 115
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LOTUSβMELILOTUS
Lotus Jacobaeus, movements at night, 116, 121, 124
β, development of pulvini, 122
β, sleep of cotyledons, 308, 313
β, nyctitropic movement of leaves, 353
β major, sleep of leaves, 353
β perigrinus, movement of leaflets, 353
Lunularia vulgaris, circumnutation of fronds, 258
Lupinus, 340
β albifrons, sleep of leaves, 344
β Hartwegii, sleep of leaves, 341
β luteus, circumnutation of cotyledons, 38, 110
β, effect of darkness, 124
Lupinus, position of leaves when asleep, 341
β, different positions of leaves at night, 343
β, varied movements of leaves and leaflets, 395
β Menziesii, sleep of leaves, 343
β mutabilis, sleep of leaves, 343
β nanus, sleep of leaves, 343
β pilosus, sleep of leaves, 340, 341
β polyphyllus, sleep of leaves, 343
β pubescens, sleep of leaves by day and night, 342
β, position of petioles at night, 343
β, movements of petioles, 401
β speciosus, circumnutation of leaves, 236
Lynch, Mr. R., on Pachira aquatica, 95, n.; sleep movements of Averrhoa, 330
M.
Maranta arundinacea, nyctitropic movement of leaves, 389-391
β, after much agitation do not sleep, 319
Marsilia quadrifoliata, effect of radiation at night, 292
β, circumnutation and nyctitropic movement of leaflets, 392-394
β, rate of movement, 404
Martins, on radiation at night, 284, n.
Masters, Dr. Maxwell, on the leading shoots of the Coniferae, 211
Maurandia semperflorens, circumnutation of peduncle, 225
Medicago maculata, nocturnal position of leaves, 345
β marina, leaves awake and asleep, 344
Meehan, Mr., on the effect of an Aecidium on Portulaca oleracea, 189
Megarrhiza Californica, mode of breaking through the ground, 81
β, germination described by Asa Gray, 82
β, singular manner of germination, 83, 556
Melaleuca ericaefolia, sleep of leaves, 383
Melilotus, sleep of leaves, 345
β alba, sleep of leaves, 347
β coerulea, sleep of leaves, 347
β dentata, effect of radiation at night, 295
β elegans, sleep of leaves, 347
β gracilis, sleep of leaves, 347
β infesta, sleep of leaves, 347
β Italica, leaves exposed at night, 291
β, sleep of leaves, 347
β macrorrhiza, leaves exposed at night, 292
β, sleep
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