The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night, vol 5 by Sir Richard Francis Burton (red novels txt) 📖

“They are four: sincerity of belief, truth of intent, observance of the lawful limit and keeping the covenant.” Then said she, “I have one more question to ask thee, which if thou answer, it is well; else, I will take thy clothes.” Quoth he, “Speak, O damsel;” and she said, “What are the branches or superstructure of Al-Islam?” But he was silent awhile and made no reply: so she cried “Doff thy clothes and I will expound them to thee.” Quoth the Caliph “Expound them, and I will make him put off his clothes for thee.” She said, “There are two-and-twenty branches: (1) holding fast to the Book of Allah the Most Highest; (2) taking example by His Apostle (whom Allah bless and preserve!); (3) abstaining from evil doing; (4) eating what is lawful and (5) avoiding what is unlawful; (6) restitution of things wrongfully taken; (7) repentance; (8) knowledge of the Law; (9) love of the Friend,[FN#333] (10) and of the followers of the true Revelation; (11) belief in the apostles of Al-Islam; (12) fear of apostacy; (13) preparation for departing this life; (14) force of conviction; (15) mercy on all possible occasions; (16) strength in time of weakness; (17) patience under trials; (18) knowledge of Allah Almighty and (19) of what His Prophet hath made known to us; (20) thwarting Iblis the accursed; (21) striving earnestly against the lusts of the soul and warring them down, and (22) devotion to the one God.”

Now when the Commander of the Faithful heard her words, he bade the professor put off his clothes and hooded turband; and so did that doctor and went forth, beaten and confounded, from the Caliph’s presence. Thereupon another man stood up and said to her, “O damsel, hear a few questions from me.” Quoth she, “Say on;’ and he asked, “What are the conditions of purchase by advance?” whereto she answered, “That the price be fixed, the kind be fixed and the period of delivery be fixed and known.” Q

“What are the Koranic and the traditional canons of eating?” “The confession that Allah Almighty provideth the eater and giveth him meat and drink, with thanksgiving to Him therefor.” Q “What is thanksgiving?” “The use by the creature of that which the Creator vouchsafeth to him, according as it was created for the creature.” Q “What are the traditional canons of eating?” “The Bismillah[FN#334] and washing both hands; sitting on the left of the hind part; eating with three fingers, and eating of that which hath been duly masticated.[FN#335]” Q “What are good manners in eating?” “Taking small mouthfuls and looking little at one’s table-companion.”—And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased to say her permitted say.

 

When it was the Four Hundred and Forty-fourth Night, She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that when the damsel had answered concerning good manners in eating, the doctor who was trying her, rejoined, “Thou hast replied aright. Now tell me what are the stays of the heart and their supports?”[FN#336]

“The stays and supports both number three: (1) holding fast to the Faith, the support whereof is the shunning of infidelity; (2) holding fast to the Traditional Law, and its support the shunning of innovation; and (3) holding fast to obedience, and its support the shunning of disobedience.” Q “What are the conditions of Wuzu?” “(1) being a Moslem; (2) discernment of good and evil; (3) purity of the water, and (4) absence of material or religious impediments.” Q “What is belief?” “It is divided into nine parts: (1) belief in the One worshipped; (2) belief in the condition of slavery of the worshipper; (3) belief in the personality of the Deity; (4) belief in the Two Handfuls;[FN#337] (5) belief in Providence which allotteth to man his lot; (6) belief in the Abrogating and (7) in the Abrogated; (8) belief in Allah, His angels and apostles; and (9) in fore-ordained Fate, general and individual, its good and ill, its sweet and bitter.” Q “What three things do away other three?” “It is told of Sufy�n al-Saur�[FN#338] that he said, ‘Three things do away with other three. Making light of the pious doth away the future life; making light of Kings doth away this life; and, making light of expenditure doth away wealth.’” Q “What are the keys of the heavens, and how many gates have they.?” “Quoth Almighty Allah, ‘And the heaven shall be opened and be full of portals;’[FN#339]

and quoth he whom Allah bless and preserve!, ‘None knoweth the number of the gates of heavens, save He who created the heavens, and there is no son of Adam but hath two gates allotted to him in the heavens, one whereby his daily bread descendeth and another wherethrough his works ascend. The first gate is not closed, save when his term of life cometh to an end, nor the gate of works, good and evil, till his soul ascend for judgment.’” Q “Tell me of a thing and a half thing and a nothing.” “The thing is the Moslem; the half thing the hypocrite,[FN#340] and the nothing the miscreant.” Q “Tell me of various kinds of hearts.” “There is the whole heart, the sick heart, the contrite heart, the vowed heart and the enlightened heart. Now the whole heart is that of Abraham, the Friend of Allah; the sick heart is that of the Unbeliever in Al-Islam; the contrite heart is that of the pious who fear the Lord; the vowed heart is that of our Lord Mohammed (whom Allah bless and keep!) and the illuminated heart is that of his followers. Furthermore, the hearts of learned Olema are of three kinds, the heart which is in love with this world; the heart which loveth the next world, and the heart which loveth its Lord; and it is said that hearts are three, the suspended, that of the infidel; the non-existent, that of the hypocrite; and the constant, that of the True-believer. Moreover, it is said that the firm heart is of three kinds, viz., the heart dilated with light and faith, the heart wounded with fear of estrangement, and the heart which feareth to be forsaken of its Supreme Friend.”—And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased saying her permitted say.

 

When it was the Four Hundred and Forty-fifth Night, She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that when the second doctor declared. “Thou hast said well,” quoth she to the Caliph, “O Commander of the Faithful, he hath questioned me, till he is weary, and now I will ask of him two questions. If he answer them both, it is well; and if not, I will take his clothes and he shall wend in peace.” Quoth the doctor, “Ask me what thou wilt,” and she said, “What sayest thou religion is?” Answered he, “Religion is confession of Faith with the tongue and conviction with the heart and correspondent action with the members. He (upon whom be blessings and peace!) hath said, ‘The believer is not perfect in belief, except he perfect himself in five qualities, namely: trust in Allah,[FN#341] committal of his affair to Allah, submission to the commands of Allah, acquiescence in the decrees of Allah; and that all he doth be done for sake of Allah; so is he of those who are acceptable to the Deity, and who give to Him and withhold for Him; and such man is perfect in belief.’” Then said she, “What is the Divine ordinance of ordinances and the ordinance which is the initiator of all ordinances and that of which all others stand in need and that which comprehendeth all others; and what is the traditional ordinance that entereth into the Koranic, and the prophetic practice whereby the Divine is completed?” But he was silent and made no reply; whereupon the Caliph bade her expound and ordered him to doff his clothes and give them to her. Said she, “O

doctor, the Koranic ordinance of ordinances is the knowledge of Allah Almighty; that, which is the initiative of all others, is the testifying there is no god but the God and Mohammed is the Apostle of God; that, of which all others have need, is the Wuzu-ablution; that, which compriseth all others, is the Ghusl-ablution from defilement[FN#342]; the Traditional ordinance that entereth into the Koranic, is the separation of the fingers and the thick beard;[FN#343] and that, wherewith all Koranic ordinances are completed, is circumcision.”[FN#344] Therewith was made manifest the defeat of the doctor, who rose to his feet and said, “I call Allah to witness, O Commander of the Faithful, that this damsel is more learned than I in theology and what pertaineth to the Law.” So saying, he put off his clothes and went away ignominiously worsted. Then she turned to the rest of the learned men present and said, “O masters, which of you is the Koranist, the reader and reciter of the Koran, versed in the seven readings and in syntax and in lexicography?” Thereupon a professor arose and, seating himself before her, said “Hast thou read the Book of Almighty Allah and made thyself thoroughly acquainted with its signs, that is its verses, and its abrogating parts and abrogated portions, its unequivocal commands and its ambiguous; and the difference of its revelations, Meccan and Medinan? Dost thou understand its interpretation and hast thou studied it, according to the various traditions and origins?”

“Yes,” answered she; and he said, “What then is the number of its chapters, how many are the decades and versets, how many words and how many letters and how many acts of prostration and how many prophets and how many chapters are Medinan and how many are Meccan and how many birds are mentioned in it?” Replied she, “O

my lord, its chapters are an hundred and fourteen, whereof seventy were revealed at Meccah and forty-four at Al-Medinah; and it containeth six hundred and twenty-one decades; six thousand three hundred and thirty-six versets;[FN#345] seventy-nine thousand four hundred and thirty-nine words and three hundred and twenty-three thousand and six hundred and seventy letters; and to the reader thereof, for every letter, are given ten benefits. The acts of prostration it compriseth are fourteen.”—And Shahrazad perceived the dawn of day and ceased to say her permitted say.

 

When it was the Four Hundred and Forty-sixth Night, She said, It hath reached me, O auspicious King, that when the professor of Koranic exegesis questioned the damsel, she continued, “As regards the Prophets named in the Book there be five-and-twenty, to wit, Adam, Noah,[FN#346] Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Lot, Elisha, Jonah, Salih,[FN#347] or Heber, H�d,[FN#348] Shua’yb or Jethro,[FN#349] David, Solomon, Z�‘l-kafl or Joshua, Idr�s, Elias, Yahy� or John the Baptist, Zacharias, Job, Moses, Aaron, Jesus and Mohammed,[FN#350] the peace of Allah and His blessing be on them all! Moreover, nine flying things are mentioned in the Koran, namely, the gnat, the bee, the fly, the ant, the hoopoe, the crow, the locust, the swallow and the bird of Jesus[FN#351] (on whom be peace!), to wit, the bat.” Q “Which is the most excellent chapter of the Koran?” “That of The Cow.[FN#352]” Q “Which is the most magnificent verse?” “That of the Throne; it hath fifty words, bearing in each fifty blessings.” Q “What sign or verse hath in it nine signs or wonders?” “That in which quoth Allah Almighty, ‘Verily, in the creation of the Heaven and the Earth: and in the vicissitude of night, and day; and in the ship which saileth through the sea laden with what is profitable for mankind; and in the rain-water which God sendeth down from Heaven, quickening thereby the dead ground and replenishing the same with all sorts of cattle; and in the change of winds and in the clouds that are compelled to do service between the Heaven and the Earth;[FN#353]—are signs to people of understanding.’” Q “Which verse is the most just?”