Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews Peter Longerich (grave mercy .TXT) 📖

ff. and 68 ff.

98. Cf. in particular Dieter Pohl, Von der ‘Judenpolitik’ zum ‘Judenmord’. Der Distrikt

Lublin des Generalgouvernements 1939–1944 (Frankfurt a. M., 1993), 113 ff. and also

David Silberklang, ‘Die Juden und die ersten Deportationen aus dem Distrikt Lublin’,

in Bogdan Musial, ed., ‘Aktion Reinhardt’. Der Völkermord an den Juden im General-

gouvernement 1941–1944 (Osnabrück, 2004), 141–64.

99. See in particular Bogdan Musial, Deutsche Zivilverwaltung und Judenverfolgung im

Generalgouvernement. Eine Fallstudie zum Distrikt Lublin 1939–1944 (Wiesbaden,

1999), 229 ff.

100. BAB, NS 19/3959; see Pohl, Lublin, 110.

Notes to pages 331–334

549

101. Pohl, Lublin, 116–7.

102. Elke Fröhlich, ed., Die Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels. Teil II. Band 3. Januar-März 1942 (Munich, 1994), 561.

103. Trial of Eichmann, vii. 240.

104. Statement, 10 Nov. 1964, StA München I 110 Ks 3/64, 14, 2918 ff.; see Pohl, Lublin, 125–6.

105. Pohl, Lublin, 118 ff.; Silberklang, ‘Juden’, 150 ff.; Musial, Zivilverwaltung, 254 ff.

106. Dieter Pohl, Nationalsozialistische Judenverfolgung in Ostgalizien 1941–1944. Die

Organisation und Durchführung eines staatlischen Massenerbrechens (Munich, 1996),

179 ff.

107. On Sobibor see Arad, Belzec, 30 ff.

108. Pohl, Lublin, 120 ff.

109. Bradley F. Smith et al., eds, Himmler Geheimreden 1933 bis 1945 (Frankfurt a. M., 1974), 159.

110. VOGG, 1942, 321 ff., ‘Erlass über die Überweisung von Dienstgeschäften auf den

Staatssekretär für das Sicherheitswesen’; cf. Pohl, Lublin, 125.

111. Both spellings occur in the files, but also ‘Reinhart’. Heydrich himself is known to have allowed his first name to be used in the variant ‘Reinhardt’. Individual evidence in Peter Black, ‘Die Trawniki-Männer und die Aktion Reinhard’, in Musial, ed.,

‘Aktion Reinhardt’, 309–52, 308–9.

112. See Globocnik’s ‘Meldung über die wirtschaftliche Abwicklung der Aktion Reinhardt’

of 5 Jan. 1944, 402-PS, IMT xxxiv. 70 ff., 72.

113. BAB, NS 19/1755, the content of the papers not only emerges from the covering letter; this was a memo, ‘The State of Jewish Labour’ in which the ‘shortcomings and

questions are revealed that require an order to deal with them’, and a piece entitled,

‘The Jews in the district of Lublin’, along with the third paper dealing with ‘German-

ness’ (Deutschtum). This was passed on by Himmler’s personal staff to the Staff

Headquarters of the Reichskommissar for the Strengthening of the German Nation.

114. Pohl, Lublin, 126–7.

115. Das Diensttagebuch des deutschen Generalgouverneurs in Polen 1939–1945, ed. Werner

Präg and Wolfgang Jacobmeyer (Stuttgart, 1975), 506 ff. See also the interpretation in

Christian Gerlach, ‘Die Bedeutung der deutschen Ernährungspolitik für die Bes-

chleunigung des Mordes an den Juden 1942. Das Generalgouvernment und die

Westukraine’, in Christian Gerlach, Krieg, Ernährung, Völkermord. Forschungen

zur deutschen Vernichtungspolitik im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Hamburg, 1998), 197 ff.,

who stresses the role of nutritional policy in the ‘acceleration’ of the murder of the

Jews.

116. Diensttagebuch, ed. Präg and Jacobmeyer, 515 ff.

117. Pohl, Lublin, 127.

118. Ibid. 122; Pohl, Ostgalizien, 197.

119. Arad, Belzec, 73.

120. Arad, Belzec, 37 ff.

121. Police meeting, 18 June 1942, Report by Deputy Department Head, Alfons Oswald; in

Diensttagebuch, ed. Präg and Jacobmeyer, 511.

122. Pohl, Lublin, 131–2 and Christopher Browning, Ordinary Men. Reserve Battalion 101

and the Final Solution in Poland (New York and London, 1992), 55 ff.

550

Notes to pages 334–340

123. Pohl, Ostgalizien, 196–7.

124. Arad, Belzec, 80–1; BAB, NS 19/2655, Ganzenmüller to Wolff, 28 July 1942.

125. On the deportations from the individual districts see the lists in Arad, Belzec, 383 ff.

126. On this and the following see Pohl, Lublin, 127–8.

127. BAB, NS 19/2655, 29 July 1941, here also Himmler’s letter of thanks of 13 August.

128. Dienstkalender, ed. Witte et al., 491 ff.; Rudolf Höß, Commandant in Auschwitz

(London, 1959), 210, 223 ff.

129. Walter Laqueur and Richard Breitman, Breaking the Silence (New York, 1986);

Hoess, Commandant, 236–7.

130. BAB, NS 19/1757, printed in Longerich, Ermordung, 201. See also Pohl, Lublin, 128.

131. See the overview by Jace Andrzej Mlynarczyk, ‘Treblinka—ein Todeslager der “Aktion

Reinhard” ’, in Musial, ed., ‘Aktion Reinhardt’, 257–81. On the building phase also

Arad, Belzec, 37 ff.

132. Israel Gutman, The Jews of Warsaw 1939–1943: Ghetto, Underground, Revolt (Bloom-

ington, Ind., 1982), 197 ff.

133. Christopher Browning, ‘Nazi Ghettoization Policy in Poland 1939–1941’ in Browning,

Path to Genocide, 28–56, 47 ff.

134. Gutman, Jews, 219 ff.

135. Arad, Belzec, 392–3.

136. Pohl, Lublin, 132 ff.; Arad, Belzec, 387 provides a different date for the start of the deportation.

137. Arad, Belzec, 393 ff.; Jacek Mlynarczyk, ‘Organisation und Durchführung der “Aktion

Reinhardt” im Distrikt Radom’, in Musial, ed., ‘Aktion Reinhardt’, and Mlynarczyk,

Judenmord in Zentralpolen. Der Distrikt Radom im Generalgouvernement 1939–1945

(Darmstadt, 2007). Robert Seidel, Deutsche Besatzungspolitik in Polen. Der Distrikt

Radom 1939–1940 (Paderborn 2006), 310 ff.

138. Pohl, Ostgalizien, 216 ff.

139. BAB, NS 19/3959, Office diary of the personal secretary.

140. Pohl, Ostgalizien, 223 ff.

141. Ibid. 238 ff.

142. Ibid. 245.

143. On the methods employed in ghetto clearances see Mlynarczyk, ‘Judenmord’, 251 ff.

144. On Treblinka see the overview by Mlynarczyk, ‘Treblinka’, 257–81. On the building

phase, see Arad, Belzec, 37 ff.

145. Arad, Belzec, 81 ff.

146. Ibid. 89 ff.

147. PRO, HW 16/23, messages 12 and 13/15, transmitted 11 Jan. 1943, in Peter Witte and

Stephen Tyas, eds, ‘A New Document on the Deportation and Murder of Jews during

“Einsatz Reinhardt” 1942’, HGS 15 (2001), 468–86. In the original document the figure

for Treblinka is 71,355; this should, however, be 713,555, as the addition of the remaining numbers reveals. The number of victims for Belzec is confirmed by calculations

produced by the German Holocaust historian Wolfgang Scheffler in a report of 1973.

He calculated the number of victims in this extermination camp as 441,442, and had

thus been only 7,000 away from the true figure. See Wolfgang Scheffler, ‘ Die Zahl der in den Vernichtungslagern der “Aktion Reinhard” ermordeten Juden’, in Helge Grabitz

Notes to pages 340–343

551

and the Judicial Authority Hamburg, eds, Täter und Gehilfen des Endlösungswahns.

Hamburger Verfahren wegen NS-Gewaltverrechen 1946–1996 (Hamburg, 1998), 215–41.

148. This figure is also quoted in the Korherr-Bericht, the report by the SS chief statistician on the state of the ‘Final Solution’ at the end of 1942 (ND NO 5194).

149. Korherr-Bericht, ND NO 5194.

150. Thomas Sandkühler, ‘Endlösung’ in Galizien. Der Judenmord in Ostpolen und die

Rettungsinitiative von Berthold Beitz, 1941–1944 (Bonn, 1996), 461.

151. Korherr estimated the surplus deaths and the number of emigrations in the General

Government up to 31 Dec. 1942 as 427,920 in Korherr-Bericht, Kurzfassung, ND NO 5193.

152. Cf. the overview in Gustavo Corni, Hitlers Ghettos: Voices from a Beleaguered Society 1939–1944 (London and New York, 2002), 300 ff.

153. Pohl, Ostgalizien, 215; Pohl, Lublin, 157 ff.;