Manners and Social Usages by Mrs John M. E. W. Sherwood (great book club books TXT) đź“–
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It is rare now to see the names of both husband and wife engraved
on one card, as “Mr. and Mrs. Brown.” The lady has her own card,
“Mrs. Octavius Brown,” or with the addition, “The Misses Brown.”
Her husband has his separate card; each of the sons has his own
card. No titles are used on visiting-cards in America, save
military, naval, or judicial ones; and, indeed, many of our most
distinguished judges have had cards printed simply with the name,
without prefix or affix. “Mr. Webster,” “Mr. Winthrop,” “Henry
Clay” are well-known instances of simplicity. But a woman must
always use the prefix “Mrs.” or “Miss.” A gentleman may or may not
use the prefix “Mr.,” as he pleases, but women must treat
themselves with more respect. No card is less proper than one
which is boldly engraved “Gertrude F. Brown;” it should be “Miss
Gertrude F. Brown.”
A married lady always bears her husband’s name, during his life,
on her card. Some discussion is now going on as to whether she
should continue to call herself “Mrs. Octavius Brown” or “Mrs.
Mary Brown” after his death. The burden of opinion is in favor of
the latter—particularly as a son may bear his father’s name, so
there will be two Mrs. Octavius Browns. No lady wishes to be known
as “old Mrs. Octavius Brown,” and as we do not use the convenient
title of Dowager, we may as well take the alternative of the
Christian name. We cannot say “Mrs. Octavius Brown, Jr.,” if the
husband has ceased to be a junior. Many married ladies hesitate to
discard the name by which they have always been known. Perhaps the
simple “Mrs. Brown” is the best, after all. No lady should leave
cards upon an unmarried gentleman, except in the case of his
having given entertainments at which ladies were present. Then the
lady of the house should drive to his door with the cards of
herself and family, allowing the footman to leave them.
The young ladies’ names, in such a case as this, should be
engraven on their mother’s card.
“We have no leisure class,” as Henry James says in his brilliant
“International Episode;” but still young men should try to make
time to call on those who entertain them, showing by some sort of
personal attention their gratitude for the politeness shown them.
American young men are, as a rule, very remiss about this matter
of calling on the hostess whose hospitality they accept.
A gentleman should not call on a young lady without asking for her
mother or her chaperon. Nor should he leave cards for her alone,
but always leave one for her mother.
Ladies can, and often do, write informal invitations on the
visiting-card. To teas, readings, and small parties, may be added
the day of reception. It is convenient and proper to send these
cards by post. Everything can be sent by post now, except an
invitation to dinner, and that must always be sent by private
hand, and an answer must be immediately returned in the same
formal manner.
After balls, amateur concerts, theatrical parties, garden-parties,
or “at homes,” cards should be left by all invited guests within a
week after the invitation, particularly if the invited guest has
been obliged to decline. These cards may be left without inquiring
for the hostess, if time presses; but it is more polite to inquire
for the hostess, even if it is not her day. If it is her reception
day, it would be rude not to inquire, enter, and pay a personal
visit. After a dinner, one must inquire for the hostess and pay a
personal visit. It is necessary to mention this fact, because so
many ladies have got into the habit (having large acquaintances)
of leaving or sending cards in by a footman, without inquiring for
the hostess (who is generally not at home), that there has grown
up a confusion, which leads to offence being taken where none is
meant.
It is not considered necessary to leave cards after a tea. A lady
leaves her cards as she enters the hall, pays her visit, and the
etiquette of a visiting acquaintance is thus established for a
year. She should, however, give a tea herself, asking all her
entertainers.
If a lady has been invited to a tea or other entertainment through
a friend without having known her hostess, she is bound to call
soon; but if the invitation is not followed up by a return card or
another invitation, she must understand that the acquaintance is
at an end. She may, however, invite her new friend, within a
reasonable time, to some entertainment at her own house, and if
that is accepted, the acquaintance goes on. It is soon ascertained
by a young woman who begins life in a new city whether her new
friends intend to be friendly or the reverse. A resident of a town
or village can call, with propriety, on any newcomer. The
newcomer must return this call; but, if she does not desire a
further acquaintance, this can be the end of it. The time of
calling must in every town be settled by the habits of the place;
after two o’clock and before six is, however, generally safe.
In England they have a pleasant fashion of calling to inquire for
invalids or afflicted friends, and of pencilling the words “kind
inquiries.” It has not obtained that popularity in America which
it deserves, and it would be well to introduce it. If a lady call
on a person who is a stranger to her, and if she has difficulty in
impressing her name on the servant, she sends up her card, while
she waits to see if the lady will receive her. But she must never
on any occasion hand her own card to her hostess. If she enters
the parlor and finds her hostess there, she must introduce herself
by pronouncing her own name distinctly. If she is acquainted with
the lady, she simply gives her name to the servant, and does not
send up her card.
Wedding-cards have great prominence in America, but we ignore
those elaborate funeral-cards and christening-cards, and printed
cards with announcements of engagements, and many other cards
fashionable abroad. With us the cards of the bride and her
parents, and sometimes of the fiancďż˝, are sent to all friends
before the wedding, and those of the invitation to the wedding to
a few only, it may be, or to all, as the family desire. After the
marriage, the cards of the married pair, with their address, are
sent to all whose acquaintance is desired.
Husbands and wives rarely call together in America, although there
is no law against their doing so. It is unusual because, as we
have said, we have no “leisure class.” Gentlemen are privileged to
call on Sunday, after church, and on Sunday evenings. A mother and
daughter should call together, or, if the mother is an invalid,
the daughter can call, leaving her mother’s card.
“Not at home” is a proper formula, if ladies are not receiving;
nor does it involve a falsehood. It merely means that the lady is
not at home to company. The servant should also add, “Mrs. Brown
receives on Tuesdays,” if the lady has a day. Were not ladies able
to deny themselves to callers there would be no time in crowded
cities for any sort of work, or repose, or leisure for self-improvement. For, with the many idle people who seek to rid
themselves of the pain and penalty of their own vapid society by
calling and making somebody else entertain them, with the
wandering book-agents and beggars, or with even the overflow of
society, a lady would find her existence muddled away by the
poorest and most abject of occupations—that of receiving a number
of inconsiderate, and perhaps impertinent, wasters of time.
It is well for all housekeepers to devote one day in the week to
the reception of visitors—the morning to tradespeople and those
who may wish to see her on business, and the afternoon to those
who call socially. It saves her time and simplifies matters.
Nothing is more vulgar than that a caller should ask the servant
where his mistress is, when she went out, when she will be in, how
soon she will be down, etc. All that a well-bred servant should
say to such questions is, “I do not know, madam.” A mistress
should inform her servant after breakfast what he is to say to
all comers. It is very offensive to a visitor to be let in, and
then be told that she cannot see the lady of the house. She feels
personally insulted, and as if, had she been some other person,
the lady of the house would perhaps have seen her.
If a servant, evidently ignorant and uncertain of his mistress and
her wishes, says, “I will see if Mrs. Brown will see you,” and
ushers you into the parlor, it is only proper to go in and wait.
But it is always well to say, “If Mrs. Brown is going out, is
dressing, or is otherwise engaged, ask her not to trouble herself
to come down.” Mrs. Brown will be very much obliged to you. In
calling on a friend who is staying with people with whom you are
not acquainted, always leave a card for the lady of the house. The
lack of this attention is severely felt by new people who may
entertain a fashionable woman as their guest—one who receives
many calls from those who do not know her hostess. It is never
proper to call on a guest without asking for the hostess.
Again, if the hostess be a very fashionable woman, and the visitor
decidedly not so, it is equally vulgar to make one’s friend who
may be a guest in the house a sort of entering wedge for an
acquaintance; a card should be left, but unaccompanied by any
request to see the lady of the house. This every lady will at once
understand. A lady who has a guest staying with her who receives
really calls should always try to place a parlor at her disposal
where she can see her friends alone, unless she be a very young
person, to whom the chaperonage of the hostess is indispensable.
If the lady of the house is in the drawing-room when the visitor
arrives to call on her guest, she is, of course, introduced and
says a few words; and if she is not in the room, the guest should
inquire of the visitor if the lady of the house will see him or
her, thus giving her a chance to accept or decline.
In calling on the sons or the daughters of the house, every
visitor should leave a card for the father and mother. If ladies
are at home, cards should be left for the gentlemen of the family.
In Europe a young man is not allowed to ask for the young ladies
of the house in formal parlance, nor is he allowed to leave a card
on them—socially in Europe the “jeune fille” has no existence.
He calls on the mother or chaperon; the young lady may be sent
for, but he must not inquire for her first. Even if she is a young
lady at the head of a house, he is not allowed to call upon her
without some preliminaries; some amiable female friend must manage
to bring them together.
In America the other extreme has led to a very vicious system of
etiquette, by which young ladies are recognized as altogether
leaders of society, receiving the guests and pushing their mothers
into the background. It
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