Think Again: The Power of Knowing What You Don't Know Adam Grant (good books to read for beginners .TXT) 📖

84, 87–88

influencing, defense mechanisms against, 154–55, 154

influencing, listening and, 155–60

information, see knowledge

instincts, 8, 9

integrity, passion as sign of, 179

intellectual humility, 27–28, 31, 45–48, 52–54, 62, 102, 106, 112, 117, 119, 137, 147, 157–58, 165, 187, 200, 203, 214–15, 221, 249–50, 253

arrogance vs., 45

International Space Station, 205–7

internet:

misinformation on, 164

simplification and, 171

interpersonal rethinking, 10–11, 95–160, 253–55

interviewing, motivational, see motivational interviewing

iPhone, 23

Jobs’s resistance to, 29–31

iPod, 30

IQ scores:

emotional intelligence and, 175

mental flexibility vs., 24–27

stereotyping and, 24–25

Israel-Palestine conflict, 131

stereotyping in, 130

Jeff (biotech CEO), 151–53, 155

Jehn, Karen “Etty,” 78

Jimmy Kimmel Live! (TV show), 214

Jobs, Steve, iPhone resisted by, 29–31

Johnson Space Center, 221

joy of being wrong, 61–62, 65–66, 69, 70, 71–72, 89, 252

judging, of self vs. work, 201

Kaczynski, Ted, 60, 74–75

Kahneman, Daniel:

and joy of being wrong, 61–62

scientist mindset of, 62

Kelemen, Deborah, 188–89

Kelly, George, 127

Kelman, Herb, 130, 131

Kendi, Ibram X., 182

kids:

encouraging rethinking by, 256; see also teachers, teaching

unlearning and, 189–90, 256

“what do you want to be” question and, 225–26, 230, 231, 232

knowledge:

exponential expansion of, 17

oral transmission of, 247

overconfidence and, 92–93

of what we don’t know, see intellectual humility

Knowlton, Karren, 130–31

Kolbert, Elizabeth, 60

Kony, Joseph, 157

Bigombe’s meetings with, 155–56

Kreider, Tim, 97

Kruger, Justin, 38, 158

Krumrei Mancuso, Elizabeth, 52

Ku Klux Klan, 121–22, 139–41, 151

Kundro, Tim, 126, 129–30, 131, 133

Lazaridis, Mike, 31

in failure to rethink marketplace, 23–24

as science prodigy, 15–16, 23

as smartphone pioneer, 16, 23

as victim of overconfidence cycle, 29

leaders, rethinking by, 248–50

learning:

capacity for, confidence in, 48, 252

challenge networks in, 200

confusion in, 199, 255, 256

inquiry-based, see active learning

scientist mindset in, 186

textbooks and, 185–87

see also lifelong learning

learning cultures:

“how do you know” questions in, 211–12

in organizations, 205–22, 256–57

performance cultures vs., 209

psychological safety in, 209, 212–13, 214–15, 256

rethinking in, 207–8

rethinking scorecards in, 218–19, 218, 257

lectures, active learning vs., 190–93, 196

Lewis, Jerry Lee, 121

lifelong learning, 11, 54, 251, 253

charged conversations in, 163–83

focus on results as obstacle to, 217

teachers and, 185–203

at workplace, 205–22

life plans, 225–43

identity foreclosure and, 232–33

periodic checkups on, 235–37, 257

rethinking, 233, 235–37, 257

tunnel vision and, 228–29

see also career choices

listening, 143–59

as expression of respect and care, 159–60

influencing and, 155–60

in motivational interviewing, 153

persuasive, 253

reflective, 147

listening circles, 157–58

logic, faulty, prosecutor mindset, 102, 104

Lord’s Resistance Army, 155, 156n, 157

Lyne, Andrew, 73

McCann, Lauren, 196–97

McCarthy, Erin, 185–87, 189–90, 203

Maclean, Norman, 5

Madoff, Bernie, 18, 19

managers:

feedback and, 213–14

self-rating of, 39–40, 39

Mann Gulch wildfire, 1–2, 5–7

outmoded assumptions as factor in, 11–12

mastery, 198

Matrix, The (film), 194

meaning, pursuit of, happiness vs., 238, 240–41

Mean Reviews videos, 214–15

“Mean Tweets,” 214

measles, 148

mortality rate of, 144

resurgence of, 143–44

media:

climate change and, 170–73

complexification and, 171–73

medical errors, psychological safety and, 208–9

mental flexibility, 2–3, 8, 9–10, 251

IQ scores vs., 24–27

rethinking and, see rethinking

scientist mindset and, 27

Mercz, Ursula, 33–34

Michigan, University of, 132

Mill, John Stuart, 241

Miller, Bill, 146, 152, 153, 154, 156

misfits, see disagreeable people; pirates

Mitchell, Edgar, 128

Morrell, Kjirste, forecasting skill of, 68–69

motivation:

ineffective approaches in, 150

pay and, 114

motivational interviewing, 146–51

in business, 151–53

confident humility in, 147

curiosity in, 147, 157

in everyday life, 149–51

freedom of choice in, 148, 255

listening in, 153

open-ended questions in, 147, 148, 156

resisting righting reflex in, 156

summarizing in, 153

sustain talk vs. change talk in, 152–53

as tool for changing behavior, 148

Mount Stupid, 43, 44, 45, 252

Moyers, Theresa, 152

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 114–15

Murphy, Kate, 156

Murray, Henry:

beliefs experiment of, 55–57, 60, 74–75

spy assessment test of, 56

NASA:

emerging learning culture at, 221

lack of psychological safety at, 210–11

overconfidence cycles at, 208

and Parmitano’s spacesuit malfunction, 205–7, 211

performance culture at, 207–8, 210–11, 216–17

rethinking failures at, 207–8, 217, 222

space shuttle disasters of, 207, 210–11, 220

Natarajan, Harish:

debate championships of, 97

question-based approach of, 112

in school subsidy debate, 97–103, 106–10, 112

negotiations, 106

adversarial approach vs. search for common ground in, 104–5

asking questions in, 105–6

debates as, 104

focusing on key points in, 105

humility and curiosity in, 105–6

networks, challenge, see challenge networks

New York Times, 248–49

New York Yankees, Red Sox rivalry with, 122–24, 126–27, 127, 128, 133–36

Nomad Health, 241

North Carolina, University of, Duke rivalry with, 131

Nozick, Robert, 194–95

nuance, 117, 168, 171, 174, 176, 183

Obama, Michelle, 230

Ochoa, Ellen, 217, 220–21

and Columbia space shuttle disaster, 210–11

Oddsson, Davíð:

in campaign for Iceland’s presidency, 37, 41, 54

career of, 41

and 2008 financial crisis, 36–37, 45

Office, The (TV show), 117–18

Office of Strategic Services, 56

Ohio State University, 132–33

open systems, 241

identities as, 243

opinions, see beliefs and opinions

Originals (Grant), 116

overconfidence, 92–93

overconfidence cycles, 28–29, 28, 61, 165, 188, 189, 208, 233, 252

overthinking, 235n

overview effect, in astronauts, 128–29

Parmitano, Luca, in spacesuit malfunction, 205–7, 211

passion, as sign of integrity, 178

passion talks, 198

pay, motivation and, 114

perfectionists, rethinking as difficult for, 195–96

performance cultures, 207–8, 221

best practices and, 216–17

learning cultures vs., 209

persuasion, beliefs as reinforced by failed attempts at, 144–45, 146

persuasive listening, 253

Peterson, Jordan, 175

pirates (misfits), 83, 84–85, 88–89

Pixar, 82–83

pirates at, 83, 84–85, 88–89

Planck, Max, 247

Plutarch, 132

polarization, political, 164

polarizing issues, conversations on, see charged conversations

police brutality, rethinking assumptions about, 10

politician mindset, 233, 248, 260

in collective rethinking, 163, 169, 183

in individual rethinking, 18–19, 21, 22, 22, 25, 27, 28, 29, 53, 62, 80, 85–86, 88

in interpersonal rethinking, 107, 108, 145, 156

preacher mindset, 233, 248, 251

in collective rethinking, 165, 167, 169, 175, 177, 183, 192, 200, 216

in individual rethinking, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 22, 25, 27, 28, 29, 39, 60, 62, 76, 80, 91, 92

in interpersonal rethinking, 102, 104, 107, 108, 110, 111, 117n, 119, 124, 127, 132, 141, 144, 145, 146, 155, 156, 157

Prectet, Debra Jo, see Project Debater

prejudice, 121–41

conversation as antidote to, 140–41

see also rivalries; stereotypes

preschool subsidies, debate on, 97–102, 106–10, 112

presidents, U.S., intellectual curiosity and, 27

process accountability, best practices vs., 216–19, 256

Project Debater, in school subsidy debate, 97–102, 107–10, 112

proof, as enemy of progress, 219

prosecutor mindset, 230, 233, 248, 251

in collective rethinking, 165, 167, 169, 175, 177, 183, 192, 200

in individual rethinking, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 22, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 39, 53, 60, 62, 76, 80, 91, 92

in interpersonal rethinking, 102, 104, 107, 108, 110, 111, 113, 119, 124, 127, 132, 141, 145, 146, 155, 156, 157

psychological safety, 208–9, 210, 256

author’s experiments on, 212–13

at Gates Foundation, 212–13, 214–15

“how do you know” question and, 211–12

as lacking at NASA, 210–11

medical errors and, 208–9

process accountability and, 217–18

Quakers, clearness committees and, 156n

question-based approach:

in debates, 112–13

encouraging rethinking through, 253–54

in scientist mindset, 25–26

questions:

counterfactual, 137–39, 254

as encouraged by self-doubt, 53–54

“how do you know,” 211–12

“how” vs. “why,” 254

open-ended, 147, 148, 156

skilled negotiators’ use of, 105–6

“what do you want to be,” 225–26, 230, 231, 232

racial injustice, rethinking assumptions about, 10

racism, 10, 121–22, 139–41, 181–83

Rackham, Neil, 104,