Think Again: The Power of Knowing What You Don't Know Adam Grant (good books to read for beginners .TXT) 📖

105

Rawls, John, 178

reasoning, flawed:

prosecuting, 110, 111

prosecutor mindset, 21, 22, 22, 60, 76, 80, 91, 92

reflective listening, 147

relationship conflict, 78–80, 79

as barrier to rethinking, 80

task conflict and, 90, 91–93

relationships, rethinking in, 236–37

rethinking, 3–4

encouraging others to adopt, see interpersonal rethinking

in individuals, see individual rethinking

in lifelong learning, see collective rethinking

making time for, 257

as mindset, 16

negative responses to, 30

process of, 246–50

see also unlearning

rethinking cycle, 27, 28, 28, 45, 67, 83, 92, 112–13, 137, 140, 147, 158, 165, 171, 187, 188, 208, 234, 261

rethinking scorecards, 218–19, 218, 257

revisions and drafts, in learning process, 199–203, 256

righting reflex, 156

Ripley, Amanda, 163, 165

rituals, sports rivalries as, 133

rivalries:

animosity in, 124–25

in business, 124

group polarization in, 128

humanizing the other side in, 130–31

in sports, see sports rivalries

see also prejudice; stereotypes

Rock, Chris, 230

Rollnick, Stephen, 146, 152, 153, 154, 156

Roosevelt, Franklin D., trial-and-error method of, 248–50

Sandler, Adam, 238–39

Saturday Night Live (TV show), 238–39

Schulz, Kathryn, 67

science:

peer-review process in, 86

unlearning in, 188–90

scientific method, 20, 199, 247–48

skepticism in, 169–70

“scientist,” coining of term, 247

scientist mindset, 23, 53, 62, 66–67, 74, 76, 92, 93, 116, 145, 186, 249–50

as actively questioning beliefs and assumptions, 25–26

author’s adoption of, 26–27

career change and, 235

caveats and contingencies in, 173–74, 176, 255

in charged conversations, 183

and consistent narrative vs. accurate record, 174–75

in debates, 102–6

entrepreneurs and, 20–22, 21, 251

humility as characteristic of, 28

rethinking as central to, 19–20, 247–48, 251

Scotland, career choices in, 233n

Scott, Michael (char.), 118

second opinions, 18

Seinfeld, Jerry, 133

Seinfeld (TV show), 68, 118

Seles, Monica, 124n

self, sense of, 8, 9, 12

commonality in, 129

detaching beliefs and opinions from, 62, 63–64, 69–70, 76, 251–52

identity foreclosure and, 230

as open system, 243

present vs. past, 62–63, 69, 76, 251

rethinking as challenge to, 4, 7, 42

tribes and, 125–26

self-awareness, 39, 48

self-deprecation:

gender and, 72n

self-confidence and, 72

self-doubt:

asking questions as encouraged by, 53–54

benefits of, 49–54, 252

humility vs., 46

see also impostor syndrome

self-esteem, evolution of, 241

Seneca, 35

sexism, 10

Shandell, Marissa, 234–35

Shaw, George Bernard, 15

Silver, Nate, 66

simplification:

internet and, 171

media and, 171

resistance to, see complexification

skepticism, in scientific method, 169–70

skeptics, deniers vs., 169

smartphone revolution, 16, 22, 23, 31

Smith, Will, 73

social networks, polarizing issues and, 164–65

space, Earth as seen from, 128–29

sports, stock market influence of, 126

sports rivalries, 122–28

author’s experiments on, 131–32, 133–36

group polarization in, 128

as rituals, 133

stereotyping in, 127

status quo bias, 194n

stereotypes, 121–41

animosity and, 127

as barrier to rethinking, 124

conversation as antidote to, 140–41

group polarization and, 127–28

groups and, 139

of groups vs. individuals, 131

intergroup contact and, 139

in Israel-Palestine conflict, 130

racist, 121–22, 139–41

rethinking timeline for, 135

shaky foundations of, 139

in sports rivalries, 127

tribes and, 136n

see also prejudice; rivalries

stereotypes, arbitrariness of, 133–34

counterfactual thinking as destabilizing, 134–40

stereotyping, IQ scores and, 24–25

stock market, influence of sports matches on, 126

Storm King Mountain wildfire, 6–7

stress:

learned responses to, 5–7

Murray’s experiment on, 55–58, 60, 74

Strohminger, Nina, 40n

summarizing, in motivational interviewing, 153

task conflict, 78–80, 79

disagreeable people and, 83, 84

as encouraged by disagreeable people, 90

encouragement of, 88

politician mindset and, 85–86

relationship conflict and, 90, 91–93

rethinking as fostered by, 80, 253

Taylor, Breonna, 10

teachers, teaching:

Berger as, 198–203

Grant as, 195–98

lecturing vs. active learning in, 190–93, 196

lifelong learning and, 185–203

McCarthy as, 185–87, 189–90, 203

Nozick as, 194–95

textbooks and, 185–87

unlearning and, 188–90

technology, exponential expansion of, 17

TED talks, 192, 195, 196

teenagers, see kids

test-taking, rethinking and, 3–4

Tetlock, Phil, 18, 67

Tewfik, Basima, 50, 51n

textbooks, 185–87

Theseus paradox, 132–33

Time, 36–37

Tómasdóttir, Halla, 35–36

in campaign for Iceland’s presidency, 36, 49, 53–54

impostor syndrome and, 36, 38, 49, 52–54

totalitarian ego, 59–61, 73, 74

Toy Story (film), 82

tribes:

identity and, 126

stereotyping and, 136n

Trump, Donald, in 2016 election, 66–67, 69–71, 70, 71

tunnel vision, 235n

life choices and, 228–29

Tussing, Danielle, 52

2008 financial crisis, 35–36, 45

Uganda, civil strife in, 155–57, 159

uncertainty, 53

unlearning, 2, 12, 188–90

kids and, 189–90, 256

in stress situations, 5–7

see also rethinking

Urban, Tim, 45

vaccination:

autism mistakenly linked to, 144, 158–59

unfounded fear of, 143–44

vaccine whisperers, 145–49, 158–59

Voldemort (char.), 146–47

Vonnegut, Kurt, 205

Wales, career choices in, 233n

Walker, Candice, 242–43

Walker, John, 87–88, 89

Weick, Karl, 7

Wharton School, 9

Mean Reviews video at, 214

“what do you want to be” question, 225–26, 230, 231, 232

WhatsApp, 24

white supremacists, Davis’s encounters with, 121–22, 139–41, 151

Whitman, Walt, 165

Wilde, Oscar, 77

wildfires, firefighters’ behavior in, 1–2, 5–7

workplace:

best practices in, 216–17

grades as poor predictor of performance in, 195

learning cultures at, 205–22

psychological safety and, see psychological safety

World War II, 56

Wright, Katharine, 91

Wright, Wilbur and Orville, 77, 81

as built-in challenge network, 89–90

in conflict over propeller, 91–93

Wrzesniewski, Amy, 242

X (company), 86

Young Men and Fire (Maclean), 5

Zuckerberg, Mark, 8

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

ADAM GRANT is an organizational psychologist at Wharton, where he has been the top-rated professor for seven straight years. He is one of TED's most popular speakers, his books have sold millions of copies, his talks have been viewed more than 25 million times, and his podcast WorkLife with Adam Grant has topped the charts. His pioneering research has inspired people to rethink fundamental assumptions about motivation, generosity, and creativity. He has been recognized as one of the world's 10 most influential management thinkers and Fortune's 40 under 40, and has received distinguished scientific achievement awards from the American Psychological Association and the National Science Foundation. Adam received his B.A. from Harvard and his Ph.D. from the University of Michigan, and he is a former Junior Olympic springboard diver. He lives in Philadelphia with his wife and their three children.

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* In an analysis of over 40 million tweets, Americans were more likely than Canadians to use words like sh*t, b*tch, hate, and damn, while Canadians favored more agreeable words like thanks, great, good, and sure.

* In building a team, there are some dimensions where fit is important and others where misfit adds value. Research suggests that we want people with dissimilar traits and backgrounds but similar principles. Diversity of personality and experience brings fresh ideas for rethinking and complementary skills for new ways of doing. Shared values promote commitment and collaboration.

* How well we take criticism can depend as much on our relationship with the messenger as it does on the message. In one experiment, people were at least 40 percent more receptive to