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inventions, but mostly the last two.
Before the Protestant Reformation there was more heathen philosophy in the Dark Age Church
than true Christian teaching. It had apostatized into a satanic cult.
Did Plato believe the immortal soul would be in Hell? The concept of punishment for the soul
after death was the invention of rulers as a way to keep the common people under control. To go
into this would be another book, but for those who would like to know more, go to
http://askelm.com/doctrine/d060101.htm, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Volume 7, Page
61-63, The Nature of the Gods by Cicero at http://trisagionseraph.tripod,com/Texts/Cicero.html.
Plato believed in reincarnation, that all souls would come back as a plant or animal, not that souls
would go to a place of eternal torment. He had a system that the upper class knew of and would
know if he was writing to them or to those who were ignorant and needed to be kept under
124
control. If he used "God" he was writing to them, if he used "gods" he was writing of the ignorant
to keep them under control. The church in the Dark Age used punishment after death to keep the
people under control. See http://www.cimmay.us/pdf/balfour.pdf
SUMMARY: Believers in unconditional immortality are divided on where the soul goes after
the death of the body. The Catholic Church and most Protestant Churches believe it goes to
Heaven or Hell at death. Another view is an intermediate state of temporal punishment that is
newer than Purgatory and not Catholic, is the belief that the soul goes to Abraham's bosom or the
bad part of hades unto the resurrection. Others believe all will end up in Heaven. Many believe no
one will ever be in Heaven, but the saved will live forever on this earth. There are always
divisions when men teach something that is not in the Bible.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
THE DYING USE OF "SOUL"
IN THE OLD TESTAMENT: In translations that were made by those who believe a
person has an immortal soul, why is the use of the word "soul" becoming used less? Out
of the 870 times the word nehphesh is used in the Old Testament it was translated soul:
• Translated soul only 473 times out of 870 times in the King James Version in
1611.
• Translated soul only 118 times out of 870 times in the Amplified Bible in 1954.
• Translated soul only 254 times out of 870 times in the New American Standard
Bible in 1960.
• Translated soul only 115 times out of 870 times in the New International Version
in 1973
• Translated soul only 289 times out of 870 times in the New King James Version
in 1982. Soul is used 184 times less in the Old Testament than it is in the King
James Version.
• Translated soul only 142 times out of 870 times in The Message in 1993.
• Translated soul only 14 times out of 870 times in the Contemporary English
Version in 1995.
• Translated soul only 50 times out of 870 times in the New Living Translation in
1996.
• Translated soul only 21 times out of 870 times in the New International Reader's
Version in 1996.
• Translated soul only 35 times out of 870 times in the Holman Christian Standard
Bible in 1999.
• Translated soul only 73 times out of 870 times in Today's New International
Version in 2001.
o Most of the times that nehphesh was not translated "soul" it was translated
"life," "person," "heart" or the noun was changed to a pronoun (he, him,
she, her, etc.) that is related to a person and has no reference to an
immortal part of a person.
IN BOTH THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT: The Hebrew word translated soul
[nehphesh] is used over 870 times in the Old Treatment, and the Greek work translated
soul [psukee] is used 106 times. Both together about 976 times and were translated soul:
• Translated soul only 530 times out of 976 times in the King James Version in
1611.
• Translated soul only 200 times out of 976 times in the Amplified Bible in 1954.
125
• Translated soul only 301 times out of 976 times in the New American Standard
Bible in 1960.
• Translated soul only 140 times out of 976 times in the New International Version in 1973.
• Translated soul only 341 times out of 976 times in the New King James Version
in 1982. Soul is used 189 times less in the New King James Version than it is
in the King James Version.
• Translated soul only 177 times out of 976 times in The Message in 1993.
• Translated soul only 27 times out of 976 times in the Contemporary English
Version in 1995.
• Translated soul only 83 times out of 976 times in the New Living Translation in
1996.
• Translated soul only 39 times out of 976 times in the New International reader's
Version in 1996.
• Translated soul only 58 times out of 976 times in the Holman Christian Standard
Bible in 1999
• Translated soul only 28 times out of 976 times in Today's New International
Version in 2001.
o Most, if not all these translators believe in an immortal soul, but have been
reducing the times these words are translated "soul" and replacing it with
"life," "person," "heart" or changed it to pronouns that are related to a
person.
THE HEBREW NOUN, NEHPHESH, IS BEING CHANGED TO MANY
DIFFERENT PRONOUNS, BUT ALL THE PRONOUNS HAVE A REFERENCE
TO AN EARTHLY BEING, NOT TO A NO SUBSTANCE INTER PART OF A
PERSON. Most of the 473 times nehphesh was translated soul in the King James
Version it has been translated life or person or changed to many different pronouns in
many translations. Nehphesh did not mean an immaterial invisible some thing in a person
in the Old Testament, but how could the translators think it was right to change one noun
into many pronouns?
IN THE NEW TESTAMENT: IS THE USE OF THE ENGLISH WORD "SOUL"
AS A TRANSLATION OF PSUKEE DYING?
• King James Version: In 1611 psukee is translated soul 58 times.
• American Standard Version: In 1901 psukee is translated soul 56 times.
• New American Standard Version: In 1960 psukee is translated soul 47 times
• New Revised Standard: In 1946 psukee is translated soul 33 times.
• New International Version: In 1978 psukee is translated soul 25 times. 33 times
less than the King James Version.
• The Christian Bible: In 1991 psukee is translated soul 0 times.
• Contemporary English Version: In 1995 psukee is translated soul 13 times.
• Holman Christian Standard Bible: In 1999 psukee is translated soul 23 times.
• Worldwide English Version: In 2006 psukee is translated soul 8 times.
It is those who are members of churches that believe a person has an immortal soul
that are little by little taking the word "soul" out of the Bible. WHY IS SOUL BEING
USED LESS IN THE NEWER TRANSLATIONS? THE TRANSLATORS KNEW
"SOUL" AS THE WORD IS USED TODAY IS NOT A TRANSLATION OF
NEHPHESH OR PSUKEE.
126
A few of the many examples that show why the numbers above are difficult in
difficult translations.
Numbers 29:7
• "Ye shall afflict your souls [nehphesh]" King James Version
• "You shall humble yourselves [nehphesh]" New American Standard
Joshua 11:11
• "They smote all the souls [nehphesh]" King James Version
• "Not sparing anything that breathed [nehphesh]" New International Version
Judges 16:16
• "His soul [nehphesh] was vexed unto death" King James Version
• "Unto he [nehphesh] was tired to death" New International Version
Numbers 30:2
• "To bind his soul [nehphesh] with a bond" King James Version
• "To bind himself [nehphesh] with a binding obligation" New American Standard
Version
Numbers 15:30
• "That soul [nehphesh] shall be cut off" King James Version
• "That person [nehphesh] shall be cut off" New American Standard Version
Acts 15:24-26 is an example of how the translation of psukee was changed even in the
same passage by the translators when it would not fit in with their belief about an
immortal soul. “Since we have heard that some of our number to whom we gave no
instruction have disturbed you with their words, unsettling your souls [psukee], it seemed
good to us, having become of one mind, to select men to send to you with our beloved
Barnabas and Paul, men who have risked their lives [psukee] for the name of our Lord
Jesus Christ.”
• “Certain persons who have gone out form us, though with no instruction from us,
have said things to disturb you and have unsettled your minds [psukee]…who has
risked their lives [psukee]” New revised Standard Version.
• “And disturbed you, troubling your minds [psukee] by what they said…men who
have risked their lives [psukee] for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ” New
International Version.
• “We have heard that some of out group have come to you and said things that
trouble and upset you [psukee]” New Century Version.
The Hebrew people in the Old Testament that were reading their Scriptures would
have had no way to make a distinction in the life [soul - nehphesh] of animals or men.
Even today in the Hebrew Old Testament there is no distinction between a person and or
an animal being a soul-a living creature. Only in some modern translations is there a
distinction AND THIS DISTINCTION IS BECAUSE MAN HAS CHANGED GOD'S
WORD. God used the same word to describe both persons and animals. If this one word
proves one is now immortal, it proves both are. Man says animals do not have a soul but
people do. God says both people and animals are a soul.
Summary: About one third of the words translated soul, nehphesh in the Old
Testament, and psukee in the New Testament are associated with the destruction
and death of the soul [life, nehphesh]. THIS IS AN INSOLUBLE PROBLEM FOR
THOSE THAT BELIEVE TODAY'S THEOLOGY, WHICH SAYS THE SOUL
CANNOT DIE. In other passages the psukee does thing that only this earthly body
127
can do, things that an immortal soul that has no substance could not do. "And I will
say to my soul [psukee], Soul [psukee], you have much goods laid up for many years;
take your ease, eat, drink" [Luke 12:19]. A soul which has no substance could not use
the much goods [substance] laid up for many years. A person, not a soul with
without any substance that can eat and drink of the substance he has lain up.
ANOTHER DIFFICULT PROBLEM FOR THEM
A bird's eye view [below] of the way psukee is translated in four versions shows that it
is a living being, not an immortal no substance something. The translators wanted to put
their immortal soul in the Bible, but they had a problem for if they had uniformly
translated psukee into "soul," in some passages their immortal soul would have been
subject to death and in other passages it would be dead.
(1) King James (2) New Revised Standard (3) American Standard (4) New International
Matthew 2:20 |(1) LIFE|(2) LIFE |(3) LIFE|(4) LIFE
Matthew 6:25 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE
Matthew 6:25 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE
Matthew 10:28 | soul | soul | soul | soul
Matthew 10:28 | soul | soul | soul | soul
Matthew 10:39 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE
Matthew 10:39 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE
Matthew 11:29 | souls | souls | souls | souls
Matthew 12:18 | soul | soul | soul |
Before the Protestant Reformation there was more heathen philosophy in the Dark Age Church
than true Christian teaching. It had apostatized into a satanic cult.
Did Plato believe the immortal soul would be in Hell? The concept of punishment for the soul
after death was the invention of rulers as a way to keep the common people under control. To go
into this would be another book, but for those who would like to know more, go to
http://askelm.com/doctrine/d060101.htm, Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Volume 7, Page
61-63, The Nature of the Gods by Cicero at http://trisagionseraph.tripod,com/Texts/Cicero.html.
Plato believed in reincarnation, that all souls would come back as a plant or animal, not that souls
would go to a place of eternal torment. He had a system that the upper class knew of and would
know if he was writing to them or to those who were ignorant and needed to be kept under
124
control. If he used "God" he was writing to them, if he used "gods" he was writing of the ignorant
to keep them under control. The church in the Dark Age used punishment after death to keep the
people under control. See http://www.cimmay.us/pdf/balfour.pdf
SUMMARY: Believers in unconditional immortality are divided on where the soul goes after
the death of the body. The Catholic Church and most Protestant Churches believe it goes to
Heaven or Hell at death. Another view is an intermediate state of temporal punishment that is
newer than Purgatory and not Catholic, is the belief that the soul goes to Abraham's bosom or the
bad part of hades unto the resurrection. Others believe all will end up in Heaven. Many believe no
one will ever be in Heaven, but the saved will live forever on this earth. There are always
divisions when men teach something that is not in the Bible.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
THE DYING USE OF "SOUL"
IN THE OLD TESTAMENT: In translations that were made by those who believe a
person has an immortal soul, why is the use of the word "soul" becoming used less? Out
of the 870 times the word nehphesh is used in the Old Testament it was translated soul:
• Translated soul only 473 times out of 870 times in the King James Version in
1611.
• Translated soul only 118 times out of 870 times in the Amplified Bible in 1954.
• Translated soul only 254 times out of 870 times in the New American Standard
Bible in 1960.
• Translated soul only 115 times out of 870 times in the New International Version
in 1973
• Translated soul only 289 times out of 870 times in the New King James Version
in 1982. Soul is used 184 times less in the Old Testament than it is in the King
James Version.
• Translated soul only 142 times out of 870 times in The Message in 1993.
• Translated soul only 14 times out of 870 times in the Contemporary English
Version in 1995.
• Translated soul only 50 times out of 870 times in the New Living Translation in
1996.
• Translated soul only 21 times out of 870 times in the New International Reader's
Version in 1996.
• Translated soul only 35 times out of 870 times in the Holman Christian Standard
Bible in 1999.
• Translated soul only 73 times out of 870 times in Today's New International
Version in 2001.
o Most of the times that nehphesh was not translated "soul" it was translated
"life," "person," "heart" or the noun was changed to a pronoun (he, him,
she, her, etc.) that is related to a person and has no reference to an
immortal part of a person.
IN BOTH THE OLD AND NEW TESTAMENT: The Hebrew word translated soul
[nehphesh] is used over 870 times in the Old Treatment, and the Greek work translated
soul [psukee] is used 106 times. Both together about 976 times and were translated soul:
• Translated soul only 530 times out of 976 times in the King James Version in
1611.
• Translated soul only 200 times out of 976 times in the Amplified Bible in 1954.
125
• Translated soul only 301 times out of 976 times in the New American Standard
Bible in 1960.
• Translated soul only 140 times out of 976 times in the New International Version in 1973.
• Translated soul only 341 times out of 976 times in the New King James Version
in 1982. Soul is used 189 times less in the New King James Version than it is
in the King James Version.
• Translated soul only 177 times out of 976 times in The Message in 1993.
• Translated soul only 27 times out of 976 times in the Contemporary English
Version in 1995.
• Translated soul only 83 times out of 976 times in the New Living Translation in
1996.
• Translated soul only 39 times out of 976 times in the New International reader's
Version in 1996.
• Translated soul only 58 times out of 976 times in the Holman Christian Standard
Bible in 1999
• Translated soul only 28 times out of 976 times in Today's New International
Version in 2001.
o Most, if not all these translators believe in an immortal soul, but have been
reducing the times these words are translated "soul" and replacing it with
"life," "person," "heart" or changed it to pronouns that are related to a
person.
THE HEBREW NOUN, NEHPHESH, IS BEING CHANGED TO MANY
DIFFERENT PRONOUNS, BUT ALL THE PRONOUNS HAVE A REFERENCE
TO AN EARTHLY BEING, NOT TO A NO SUBSTANCE INTER PART OF A
PERSON. Most of the 473 times nehphesh was translated soul in the King James
Version it has been translated life or person or changed to many different pronouns in
many translations. Nehphesh did not mean an immaterial invisible some thing in a person
in the Old Testament, but how could the translators think it was right to change one noun
into many pronouns?
IN THE NEW TESTAMENT: IS THE USE OF THE ENGLISH WORD "SOUL"
AS A TRANSLATION OF PSUKEE DYING?
• King James Version: In 1611 psukee is translated soul 58 times.
• American Standard Version: In 1901 psukee is translated soul 56 times.
• New American Standard Version: In 1960 psukee is translated soul 47 times
• New Revised Standard: In 1946 psukee is translated soul 33 times.
• New International Version: In 1978 psukee is translated soul 25 times. 33 times
less than the King James Version.
• The Christian Bible: In 1991 psukee is translated soul 0 times.
• Contemporary English Version: In 1995 psukee is translated soul 13 times.
• Holman Christian Standard Bible: In 1999 psukee is translated soul 23 times.
• Worldwide English Version: In 2006 psukee is translated soul 8 times.
It is those who are members of churches that believe a person has an immortal soul
that are little by little taking the word "soul" out of the Bible. WHY IS SOUL BEING
USED LESS IN THE NEWER TRANSLATIONS? THE TRANSLATORS KNEW
"SOUL" AS THE WORD IS USED TODAY IS NOT A TRANSLATION OF
NEHPHESH OR PSUKEE.
126
A few of the many examples that show why the numbers above are difficult in
difficult translations.
Numbers 29:7
• "Ye shall afflict your souls [nehphesh]" King James Version
• "You shall humble yourselves [nehphesh]" New American Standard
Joshua 11:11
• "They smote all the souls [nehphesh]" King James Version
• "Not sparing anything that breathed [nehphesh]" New International Version
Judges 16:16
• "His soul [nehphesh] was vexed unto death" King James Version
• "Unto he [nehphesh] was tired to death" New International Version
Numbers 30:2
• "To bind his soul [nehphesh] with a bond" King James Version
• "To bind himself [nehphesh] with a binding obligation" New American Standard
Version
Numbers 15:30
• "That soul [nehphesh] shall be cut off" King James Version
• "That person [nehphesh] shall be cut off" New American Standard Version
Acts 15:24-26 is an example of how the translation of psukee was changed even in the
same passage by the translators when it would not fit in with their belief about an
immortal soul. “Since we have heard that some of our number to whom we gave no
instruction have disturbed you with their words, unsettling your souls [psukee], it seemed
good to us, having become of one mind, to select men to send to you with our beloved
Barnabas and Paul, men who have risked their lives [psukee] for the name of our Lord
Jesus Christ.”
• “Certain persons who have gone out form us, though with no instruction from us,
have said things to disturb you and have unsettled your minds [psukee]…who has
risked their lives [psukee]” New revised Standard Version.
• “And disturbed you, troubling your minds [psukee] by what they said…men who
have risked their lives [psukee] for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ” New
International Version.
• “We have heard that some of out group have come to you and said things that
trouble and upset you [psukee]” New Century Version.
The Hebrew people in the Old Testament that were reading their Scriptures would
have had no way to make a distinction in the life [soul - nehphesh] of animals or men.
Even today in the Hebrew Old Testament there is no distinction between a person and or
an animal being a soul-a living creature. Only in some modern translations is there a
distinction AND THIS DISTINCTION IS BECAUSE MAN HAS CHANGED GOD'S
WORD. God used the same word to describe both persons and animals. If this one word
proves one is now immortal, it proves both are. Man says animals do not have a soul but
people do. God says both people and animals are a soul.
Summary: About one third of the words translated soul, nehphesh in the Old
Testament, and psukee in the New Testament are associated with the destruction
and death of the soul [life, nehphesh]. THIS IS AN INSOLUBLE PROBLEM FOR
THOSE THAT BELIEVE TODAY'S THEOLOGY, WHICH SAYS THE SOUL
CANNOT DIE. In other passages the psukee does thing that only this earthly body
127
can do, things that an immortal soul that has no substance could not do. "And I will
say to my soul [psukee], Soul [psukee], you have much goods laid up for many years;
take your ease, eat, drink" [Luke 12:19]. A soul which has no substance could not use
the much goods [substance] laid up for many years. A person, not a soul with
without any substance that can eat and drink of the substance he has lain up.
ANOTHER DIFFICULT PROBLEM FOR THEM
A bird's eye view [below] of the way psukee is translated in four versions shows that it
is a living being, not an immortal no substance something. The translators wanted to put
their immortal soul in the Bible, but they had a problem for if they had uniformly
translated psukee into "soul," in some passages their immortal soul would have been
subject to death and in other passages it would be dead.
(1) King James (2) New Revised Standard (3) American Standard (4) New International
Matthew 2:20 |(1) LIFE|(2) LIFE |(3) LIFE|(4) LIFE
Matthew 6:25 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE
Matthew 6:25 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE
Matthew 10:28 | soul | soul | soul | soul
Matthew 10:28 | soul | soul | soul | soul
Matthew 10:39 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE
Matthew 10:39 | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE | LIFE
Matthew 11:29 | souls | souls | souls | souls
Matthew 12:18 | soul | soul | soul |
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