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: - : -. Netted bag : vaina : hiwa : -. Basket, round : - : kira-kira (b) : -. Basket, small : - : - : nabo. Petticoat : erua : noge (b) : -. Breech-cloth, mat : - : daam : -. Cloth of bark : - : - : watu : -. Girdle, common : siehi (of tapa cloth) : turi-turi, toru. Girdle, rattan : barikue, ue (D) : -. Comb : tuari : suari (b) : sugo. Nose-stick : mukora : wanipa : bubusi-yana. Earring : - : kuratana (b) : puritana. Plug in lobe of ear : - : beya : batiwan. Queue : - : doyo : -. Armlet, woven : kaana : sia-sia, harimani (b) : -. Armlet, shell, solid : - : akassi : hiwe Trochus niloticus. Armlet, shell, of 3 pieces : popo (b) : -. Armlet, rattan : - : wewessi : -. Breast ornament Number 1 : kawko : - : -. Breast ornament Number 2 : koiyu : - : -. Necklace of small seeds : - : digo-digota : -. Necklace of black seeds : - : ganogar, gudu-gudu (b) : -. Necklace of dog's teeth : - : gugadoi : -. Necklace of teeth and seeds : - : moka-moka : -. Paint, black : - : garoka, garoa : -. Paint, red : pai-ira : sabe : -. Lime for betel-chewing : - : harigyu (b) : hawi. Spatula : - : gahi : giang. Bamboo knife : katiwa : - : -. Stone-headed axe : kiram (also kelam* green jade) : -.

(*Footnote. Also the stone which heads it-probably the origin of kelumai, understood to mean iron, or any iron implement, as an axe.)

Fish-hook : - : aowri (b) : - : -. Seine : - : nine, tine : puakan. Floats : - : uyawa : kuoto. Wooden sword : - : kerepa (b) : kirapa. Snout of saw-fish : - : gari-gari : -. Shield : - : rigoane : -. Club, wooden : - : putu-putu : -. Club, stone-headed : kahi : - : -. Spear of any kind : iyu : - : -. Spear, fishing : - : kari : -. Spear, plain : - : - : hemera. Spear, polished : - : wawmerri : wama, manutu. Spear, sword-pointed : arahia : -. Spear, bamboo : - : - : didib (? bamboo). Bow : pewa : - : -. Arrow : diba : - : -. Drum : - : baiatu, boyatu (D) : -. Conch : - : wage (Cassis or Triton) : -. Pandean pipes : - : wererri : -. Musical reed : - : bogigi : -.

4. MAN, RELATIONSHIP, ETC.

Man : tau : tau : -. Woman : ahine : sinadaow : daina, winakao. Father : ? tama : sibawa : -. Mother : - : ? bode : -. Brother : - : boe, ? nigerra : -. Sister : - : wadaiya : -. Son : ? natu : ? yowboe : -. Child, boy : mero : - : -. Friend, adopted brother : - : damagai : -.

5. PARTS OF HUMAN BODY, ETC.

Head : quara : - : -. Forehead : bagu : debada (b) : debada. Top of head : tubua : - : -. Back of head : ketu : - : -. Temples : abati : - : -. Eye : mata : matada : matara. Eyelashes : auna, mata-una : matasinowa : matara pulupulura. Eyebrow : bunimata : baia : -. Nose : udu : ishuda (b) : bubusi, bushuda (D). Nostril : - : - : bushuda-goina. Mouth : mao : - : -. Lips : pipina : sopada (b) : sepada. Tongue : mata : mimenada, manada (D) : mimiada. Teeth : isi : makada, mokada (b) : yingeda, yingida, nenin and nini (D). Cheek : meta : paparida : yamada. Chin : ate : laiagaiada : sewelida. Ear : taiya : beadawa, teinada (D) : batida. Throat : kato : garagaroda : dumuada. Back of neck : - : omda : -. Shoulder : paga : debearuda, daharada (D) : nemada. Armpit : - : - : chigirida. Upper arm : howow : - : nemada. Elbow : diu : mimassiuda, nimasiuda (D) : nemurrapupli, paokona. Fore-arm : ima : monaga arm : nemada. Hand : ima : nimada : nemada. Hand, back of : - : murina : -. Hand, palm of : - : karokarona : -. Finger : dodori, wakiri : nimada gigida : nemadagigina. Finger : dodori, wakiri: nima garada (D) : nima gigina (D). Finger, little : pakeriga : - : -. Thumb : chinapata, sinabadu : - : -. Nails : kau : gibuda, nima gibuda (D) : kapuruna. Sides : - : - : diyuda ? ribs. Breasts : rata : - : pididida (in man). Nipple : rata : susuga, tyutyuda : -. Belly : - : bogada : kineida. Navel : hudu : poasida : pusuana. Back : - : dagearada : muida, muina. Hip : piya : pampada, uripunana. Thigh : mamu : gotuda : -. Knee : tui : turida : paoko. Leg and ankle : dok : - : -. Leg, calf of : - : kaibira, haibira : -. Foot : - : kaida, goguda (D) : gegeda. Heel : - : - : ujuna. Beard : - : garagarada (b), gagaeda : baas. Hair of head : hui : kuruda (b) : huluda. Penis : usi: - : -. Scrotum : abu : - : -. Pudendum : konu : - : -. Tattooing : kerawera, kevareva : yatuya, kurikuri, and kurimani (D) : -. Blood : - : - : madibana. Collarbone : - : - : bongida. Jawbone : - : - : sewe. Saliva : kanudi : - : walahai. Dung : nian : - : tai. Boil : - : bonu : -. Leprosy : - : warilya (D) : -.

6. PRONOUN. This : ena : aena, aina : -.

7. NUMERALS.

One : owtamona, ta : teya (b) : paihetia*.

(*Footnote. The numerals procured at the Duchateau Isles in January, 1850, are very different: One etega, Two erua, Three eton, Four epate, Five nemara-panu, Ten erute.)

Two : owrua, rua : labui (b) : pahiwo. Three : owtoi, toi : haiyona (b) : paihetuan. Four : owhani, hani : haasi (b) : paihepak. Five : owima, ima : harigigi (b) : paihelima. Six : owtaratoi, towratoi : harigigi-karimoga : paihewona. Seven : owkuta, hitu : harigigi-labui : paikepik. Eight : owtarahani, towrahani : harigigi-haiyona : paihewan. Nine : owsa, taa : harigigi-haasi : paihesiwo. Ten : adarata, wauta : saorudoi (b) : paiheawata. Eleven : - : - : paiheawata-paihetia. Twelve : - : - : paiheawata-pahiwo. Fifteen : - : saorudoi-harigigi : -. Nineteen : - : saorudoi-harigigi-haasi : paiheawata-paihesiwo. Twenty : -- ruahui : taoi-mate : -. Twenty-five : - : talabushi-mate : -. Thirty : -- toyahui : towkarimoga-mate : -. Thirty-one : - : towkarimoga-mate-karimoga : -.

8. ADJECTIVES.

Another : - : nessao (b) : -. More : patana : sagu : -.

9. ADVERBS, ETC.

Yes : - : ewa : -. No, I have not, will not : - : nige : -. No, I won't, don't! : laasi : besi (b) : -. Presently, by and bye : - : tabu (h) : tabu. Exclamations of surprise and astonishment : - : ao-o-o : -. Exclamations of surprise and astonishment : - : dim-dim : -.

10. VERBS.

Break (a stick) : udumuan : - : -. Come away : - : kurhama (D) : -. Cough : huwa : oso (D) : keli-keli. Cry : tai : - : -. Dive : hetai : - : -. Eat, eat it : - : oquai : -. Give, give me : mahi : ureama (b) : -. Go away, go back : - : - : tadubi. Laugh : kiri : tanuwaraha : -. Paddle : oawde : ow-wassi (b) : -. Rise up : - : kotoro : -. Sing : - : pediri (D) : -. Sit down : - : kumturi : -. Sleep : mahuta : - : -. Sneeze : - : tatino (D) : -. Strike (with fist) : hela : - : -. Swim : nahu : - : -. Whistle : - : ino : -.

11. MlSCELLANEOUS.

Expressing friendship : - : magasugo (b) : -. This is called : - : taina esana : -.

12. NAMES OF PERSONS.

Males, Number 1 : Woro : Ihara : Wadai. Males, Number 2 : Iripa : Nubaida : Maho. Males, Number 3 : Kari (father and son) : Tubuda : Hewawo. Males, Number 4 : Baguya : Eratao : Mao. Females, Number 1 : - : Lataoma, Konaia (D) : -. Females, Number 2 : - : Narumai, Tatarai (D) : -. Females, Number 3 : - : Haraobi, Bonarua (D) : -. Females, Number 4 : - : Perodi : -. Females, Number 5 : - : Gubetta : -.

...


APPENDIX 3.

REMARKS ON THE VOCABULARIES OF THE VOYAGE OF THE RATTLESNAKE, BY R.G. LATHAM, M.D.

In the way of comparative philology the most important part of the Grammar of the Australian languages is, generally, the Pronoun. That of the Kowrarega language will, therefore, be the first point investigated.

In the tongues of the Indo-European class the personal pronouns are pre-eminently constant, i.e., they agree in languages which, in many other points, differ. How thoroughly the sound of m runs through the Gothic, Slavonic, and Iranian tongues as the sign of the pronoun of the first person singular, in the oblique cases; how regularly a modification of t, s, or th, appears in such words as tu, su, thou, etc! Now this constancy of the Pronoun exists in most languages; but not in an equally palpable and manifest form. It is disguised in several ways. Sometimes, as in the Indo-European tongues, there is one root for the nominative and one for the oblique cases; sometimes the same form, as in the Finlandic, runs through the whole declension; sometimes, as when we say you for thou in English, one number is substituted for another; and sometimes, as when the German says sie for thou, a change of the person is made as well. When languages are known in detail, these complications can be guarded against; but where the tongue is but imperfectly exhibited a special analysis becomes requisite.

Generally, the first person is more constant than the second, and the second than the third; indeed, the third is frequently no true personal pronoun at all, but a demonstrative employed to express the person or thing spoken of as the agent or object to a verb. Now, as there are frequently more demonstratives than one which can be used in a personal sense, two languages may be, in reality, very closely allied, though their personal pronouns of the third person differ. Thus the Latin ego Greek ego; but the Latin hic and ille by no means correspond in form with os, auto, and ekeinos. This must prepare us for not expecting a greater amount of resemblance between the Australian personal pronouns than really exists.

Beginning with the most inconstant of the three pronouns, namely, that of the third person, we find in the Kowrarega the following forms:

3.

Singular, masculine : nu-du he, him. Singular, feminine : na-du she, her. Dual, common : pale they two, them two. Plural, common : tana they, them.
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