Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews Peter Longerich (grave mercy .TXT) 📖

minute by the Chief of Security Police, 1 Mar. 1939, quoted in Konrad Kwiet, ‘Forced Labour of German Jews in Nazi Germany’, LBIY 36 (1991), 389–410. Cf.

also Gruner, Arbeitseinsatz, 83–4.

6.

The Politics of Organized Expulsion

1. ADAP, series D, vol. 4, no. 273.

2. ADAP, series D, vol. 4, no. 158, 167 ff.

3. Speech of 30 January, quoted in Max Domarus, Hitler. Reden und Proklamationen

(Wiesbaden, 1973), ii. 1047 ff., for the passage in question 1055–8.

4. Domarus, Hitler. Reden, ii. 1057. Stefan Kley, ‘Intention. Verkündung, Implementier-

ung. Hitlers Reichstagsrede vom 30 Januar 1939’, Zeitschrift für die Geschichtswis-

senschaft 48 (2000), sees this statement from Hitler as the announcement of the firm

intention of the dictator, who was at this time already resolved to murder the

European Jews. Kley deduced this from his view that in January 1939 Hitler had firmly

decided upon a world war, and had thus sought himself to bring about the precondi-

tion that he had introduced for the murder of the Jews, the ‘world war’. (See Kley,

Notes to pages 124–127

473

Hitler, Ribbentrop und die Entfesselung des Zweiten Weltkriegs (Paderborn, 1996),

201 ff.) The author himself concedes that ‘no direct path leads . . . from Hitler’s intentions to the events’ since, as we know, the systematic murder of the Jews of Europe did

not start until 1941/2; the forced emigration still being practised in 1939 is even in

diametrical opposition to the supposed genocidal intention. For these reasons alone

the reconstruction of a firm ‘intention’ on Hitler’s part to murder the European Jews in

early 1939 is problematic if not nonsensical.

5. For greater detail see the following section.

6. On the Fischböck plan: Aufzeichnung des Leiters der Politischen Abteilung des AA, 14

Nov. 1938, ADAP, series C, vol. 5, no. 650. The passing of the negotiation contract on to Schacht is the background for the remark made by Goering in the conference on 6

December: ‘I therefore request the gentleman—the man in question will know what I

mean—that he will carry out no further negotiations here.’

7. On the Schacht–Rublee negotiations see Ralph Weingarten, Die Hilfeleistung der

westlichen Welt bei der Endlösung der deutschen Judenfrage. Das ‘Intergovernmental

Committee on Political Refugees’ IGC 1938–1939 (Bern, Frankfurt a. M., Las Vegas, 1981),

127 ff.; Fischer, Schacht, 216 ff.

8. BAB, 25-01, 6641, letter from Rublee to Schacht, 23 Dec. 1938 with the outline for the project.

9. Details about the plan and the negotiations in note from Schacht, 16 Jan. 1939, BAB, 25–

01, 5541, ADAP, series C, vol. 5, no. 661.

10. Weingarten, Hilfeleistung, 135 ff.

11. OS, 500-1-506, undated note (‘Secret! Jewry) from the Jewish Department.

12. BAB, R 58/276.

13. On 10 January Schacht had informed Stuckart in broad terms about the agreement he

hoped to reach with Rublee. Subsequently, on 18 January a discussion was held with

senior SS and police officials in Heydrich’s office, followed by another discussion with

Stuckart and, on the following day, a meeting with Schacht. In these discussions there

was general agreement that Schacht’s ideas should be made the basis of further

emigration policy (minutes of 19 Jan. 1939); both documents in OS, 500-1-638.

14. Report on the first working discussion of the Committee of the Reich Central Office for Jewish Emigration on 11 Feb. 1939, ADAP, series D, vol. 5, no. 665, pp. 786 ff. At the

meeting the establishment of Central Offices in Berlin, Breslau, Frankfurt., and

Hamburg was announced.

15. RGBl, 1939, I, p. 1097. Details of the history in Wolf Gruner, ‘Poverty and Persecution: The Reichsvereinigung, the Jewish Population and Anti-Jewish Policy in the Nazi State

1933–1945’, YVS 27 (1999) 28 ff.; and Esriel Hildesheimer, Jüdischer Selbstverwaltung

unter dem NS-Regime. Der Existenzkampf der Reichsvertretung und Reichsvereinigung

der Juden in Deutschland (Tübingen, 1994), 79 ff.

16. Further details see below, pp. 134–5.

17. See Herbert A. Strauß, ‘Jewish Emigration from Germany: Nazi Policies and Jewish

Response’, LBIY 25 (1980), 313–61 (I) and 26 (1981), 343–409.

18. Ibid. 383 ff.

19. Ibid. 326.

20. Barkai, Boykott, 169 ff.

474

Notes to pages 127–134

21. Bruno Blau, ‘Die Juden in Deutschland von 1939 bis 1945’, Judaica 7 (1951), 270–84, 278.

22. Ibid. 273.

23. Barkai, Boykott, 171–2. On the continuation of Jewish cultural life after the November pogrom see Volker Dahm, ‘Kulturelles und geistiges Leben’, in Benz, ed., Die Juden in

Deutschland, 223 ff.

24. Barkai, Boykott, 171–2; Hildesheimer, Selbstverwaltung, 80 ff.

7.

The Persecution of Jews in the Territory of the Reich, 1939–1940

1. Michael Wildt, Generation des Unbedingten. Das Führungskorps des Reichssicherheit-

shauptamtes (Hamburg, 2002), 358 ff.

2. Esriel Hildesheimer, Jüdische Selbstverwaltung unter dem NS-Regime. Der Existenz-

kampf der Reichsvertretung und der Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland

(Tübingen, 1994), 116 ff.

3. Ibid. 132 ff.

4. Ibid. 153 ff.

5. Ruth Röcher, Die Jüdische Schule im nationalsozialistischen Deutschland 1933–1942

(Frankfurt a. M., 1992), 86 ff.; Joseph Walk, Jüdische Schule und Erziehung im Dritten

Reich (Frankfurt a. M., 1991), 217 ff.

6. Hildesheimer, Selbstverwaltung, 163–4.

7. Ibid. 165 ff.

8. See Uwe Adam, Die Judenpolitik im Dritten Reich (Düsseldorf, 1972), 258 ff. and

Avraham Barkai, Vom Boykott zu ‘Entjudung’. Der wirtschaftliche Existenzkampf der

Juden im Dritten Reich 1933–1943 (Frankfurt a. M., 1988), 183 ff.

9. Special Measure, Joseph Walk, Das Sonderrecht für die Juden im NS-Staat. Eine

Sammlung der gesetzlichen Massnahmen und Richtlinien—Inhalt und Bedeutung

(Heidelberg, 1981), iv. 2; Adam, Judenpolitik, 259. The news reached Victor Klemperer,

for example, on 13 September 1939 (three days after it had been decreed) via a

messenger from the local office of the Protestant Church to which Klemperer belonged

(Viktor Klemperer, I Shall Bear Witness: The Diaries of Viktor Klemperer 1941–1945

(London, 1999), i. 378).

10. Dokumente zur Geschichte der Frankfurter Juden 1933–1945 (Frankfurt a. M., 1963),

no. 433.

11. Special Measure, Walk, Sonderrecht, iv. 115 (Decree of the Reich Postal Ministry, 19 July 1940).

12. Statutes of the ‘Reichsluftschutzbund’, 28 June 1940, RGBl, I, p. 992; Adam, Judenpo-

litik, 258–9.

13. Special Measure, Walk, Sonderrecht, iv. 127.

14. Adam, Judenpolitik, 260 ff.

15. Special Measure, Walk, Sonderrecht, iv. 10 (Decree of the Chief of the Security Police concerning Special Food Shops for Jews, 12 Sept. 1939).

16. Konrad Kwiet, ‘Nach dem Pogrom. Stufen der Ausgrenzung’, in Wolfgang Benz, ed.,

Die Juden in Deutschland. 1933–1945. Leben unter nationalsozialistischer Herrschaft

(Munich, 1988), 605 ff.

Notes to pages 134–135

475

17. Kwiet, Pogrom, 606 ff. and in more detail Regina Bruss, Die Bremer Juden unter dem

Nationalsozialismus (Bremen, 1983), 151 ff.

18. Special Measure, Walk, Sonderrecht, iv. 67 (Decree of the Reich Minister of Economics, 23 Jan. 1940). This