Decline of Science in England by Charles Babbage (red white royal blue txt) 📖
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side of the question, and have voted on the contrary.
This reluctance to oppose that which is disapproved, has been too
extensively and too fatally prevalent for the interests of the
Royal Society. It may partly be attributed to that reserved and
retiring disposition, which frequently marks the man of real
knowledge, as strongly as an officious interference and flippant
manner do the charlatan, or the trader in science. Some portion
of it is due to that improper deference which was long paid to
every dictum of the President, and much of it to that natural
indisposition to take trouble on any point in which a man’s own
interest is not immediately concerned. It is to be hoped, for
the credit of that learned body, that no anticipation of the next
feast of St. Andrew ever influenced the taciturnity of their
disposition. [It may be necessary to inform those who are not
members of the Royal Society, that this is the day on which those
Fellows who choose, meet at Somerset House, to register the names
of the Council and Officers the President has been pleased to
appoint for the ensuing year; and who afterwards dine together,
for the purpose of praising each other over wine, which, until
within these few years, was PAID for out of the FUNDS of the
Society. This abuse was attacked by an enterprising reformer,
and of course defended by the coterie. It was, however, given up
as too bad. The public may form some idea of the feeling which
prevails in the Council, when they are informed that this
practice was defended by one of the officers of the Society, on
the ground that, if abolished, THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY WOULD LOSE
HIS PERCENTAGE ON THE TAVERN BILLS.]
SECTION 2.
OF BIENNIAL PRESIDENTS.
The days in which the Royal Society can have much influence in
science seem long past; nor does it appear a matter of great
importance who conduct its mismanaged affairs. Perpetual
Presidents have been tried until the Society has become disgusted
with dictators. If any reform should be attempted, it might
perhaps be deserving consideration whether the practice of
several of the younger institutions might not be worthy
imitation, and the office of President be continued only during
two sessions. There may be some inconveniences attending this
arrangement; but the advantages are conspicuous, both in the
Astronomical and Geological Societies. Each President is
ambitious of rendering the period of his reign remarkable for
some improvement in the Society over which he presides; and the
sacrifice of time which is made by the officers of those
Societies, would become impossible if it were required to be
continued for a much longer period. Another circumstance of
considerable importance is, that the personal character of the
President is less impressed on the Society; and, supposing any
injudicious alterations to be made, it is much less difficult to
correct them.
SECTION 3.
OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE COLLEGES OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS IN
THE ROYAL SOCIETY.
The honour of belonging to the Royal Society is much sought after
by medical men, as contributing to the success of their
professional efforts, and two consequences result from it. In
the first place, the pages of the Transactions of the Royal
Society occasionally contain medical papers of very moderate
merit; and, in the second, the preponderance of the medical
interest introduces into the Society some of the jealousies of
that profession. On the other hand, medicine is intimately
connected with many sciences, and its professors are usually too
much occupied in their practice to exert themselves, except upon
great occasions.
SECTION 4.
OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE ROYAL INSTITUTION ON THE ROYAL SOCIETY.
The Royal Institution was founded for the cultivation of the more
popular and elementary branches of scientific knowledge, and has
risen, partly from the splendid discoveries of Davy, and partly
from the decline of the Royal Society, to a more prominent
station than it would otherwise have occupied in the science of
England. Its general effects in diffusing knowledge among the
more educated classes of the metropolis, have been, and continue
to be, valuable. Its influence, however, in the government of
the Royal Society, is by no means attended with similar
advantages, and has justly been viewed with considerable jealousy
by many of the Fellows of that body. It may be stated, without
disparagement to the Royal Institution, that the scientific
qualifications necessary for its officers, however respectable,
are not quite of that high order which ought to be required for
those of the Royal Society, if the latter body were in a state of
vigour.
The Royal Institution interest has always been sufficient to
appoint one of the Secretaries of the Royal Society; and at the
present moment they have appointed two. In a short time, unless
some effectual check is put to this, we shall find them
nominating the President and the rest of the officers. It is
certainly not consistent with the dignity of the Royal Society
thus to allow its offices to be given away as the rewards of
services rendered to other institutions. The only effectual way
to put a stop to this increasing interest would be, to declare
that no manager or officer of the Royal Institution should ever,
at the same time, hold office in the Royal Society.
The use the Members of the Royal Institution endeavour to make of
their power in the Council of the Royal Society, is exemplified
in the minutes of the Council of March 11, 1830, which may be
consulted with advantage by those who doubt.
SECTION 5.
OF THE TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY.
The Transactions of the Royal Society, unlike those of most
foreign academies, contain nothing relating to the history of the
Society. The volumes contain merely those papers communicated to
the Society in the preceding year which the Council have selected
for printing, a meteorological register, and a notice of the
award of the annual medals, without any list of the Council and
officers of the Society, by whom that selection and that award
have been made.
Before I proceed to criticise this state of things, I will
mention one point on which I am glad to he able to bestow on the
Royal Society the highest praise. I refer to the extreme
regularity with which the volumes of the Transactions are
published. The appearance of the half-volumes at intervals of
six months, insures for any communication almost immediate
publicity; whilst the shortness of the time between its reception
and publication, is a guarantee to the public that the whole of
the paper was really communicated at the time it bears date. To
this may also be added, the rarity of any alterations made
previously to the printing, a circumstance which ought to be
imitated, as well as admired, by other societies. There may,
indeed, be some, perhaps the Geological, in which the task is
more difficult, from the nature of the subject. The sooner,
however, all societies can reduce themselves to this rule, of
rarely allowing any thing but a few verbal corrections to papers
that are placed in their hands, the better it will be for their
own reputation, and for the interests of science.
It has been, and continues to be, a subject of deep regret, that
the first scientific academy in Europe, the Institute of France,
should be thus negligent in the regularity of its publications;
and it is the more to be regretted, that it should be years in
arrear, from the circumstance, that the memoirs admitted into
their collection are usually of the highest merit. I know some
of their most active members have wished it were otherwise; I
would urge them to put a stop to a practice, which, whilst it has
no advantages to recommend it, is unjust to those who contribute,
and is only calculated to produce conflicting claims, equally
injurious to science, and to the reputation of that body, whose
negligence may have given rise to them. [Mr. Herschel, speaking
of a paper of Fresnel’s, observes—“This memoir was read to the
Institute, 7th of October, 1816; a supplement was received, 19th
of January, 1818; M. Arago’s report on it was read, 4th of June,
1821: and while every optical philosopher in Europe has been
impatiently expecting its appearance for seven years, it lies as
yet unpublished, and is only known to us by meagre notices in a
periodical journal.“MR HERSCHEL’S TREATISE ON LIGHT, p. 533.
—ENCYCLOPAEDIA METROPOLITANA.]
One of the inconveniences arising from having no historical
portion in the volumes of the Royal Society is, that not only the
public, but our own members are almost entirely ignorant of all
its affairs. With a means of giving considerable publicity (by
the circulation of above 800 copies of the Transactions) to
whatever we wish to have made known to our members or to the
world, will it be credited, that no notice was taken in our
volume for 1826, of the foundation of two Royal medals, nor of
the conditions under which they were to be distributed. [That
the Council refrained from having their first award of those
medals thus communicated, is rather creditable to them, and
proves that they had a becoming feeling respecting their former
errors.] That in 1828, when a new fund, called the donation fund,
was established, and through the liberality of Dr. Wollaston and
Mr. Davies Gilbert, it was endowed by them with the respective
sums of 2,000L. and 1,000L. 3 per cents; no notice of such fact
appears in our Transactions for 1829. Other gentlemen have
contributed; and if it is desirable to possess such a fund, it is
surely of importance to inform the non-attending, which is by far
the largest part of the Society, that it exists; and that we are
grateful to those by whom it has been founded and augmented.
Neither did the Philosophical Transactions inform our absent
members, that they could purchase the President’s Discourses at
the trade-price.
The list of the Officers, Council, and Members of the Royal
Society is printed annually; yet, who ever saw it bound up with
the Philosophical Transactions, to which it is intended to be
attached? I never met with a single copy of that work so
completed, not even the one in our own library. It is extremely
desirable that the Society should know the names of their
Council; and whilst it would in some measure contribute to
prevent the President from placing incompetent persons upon it,
it would also afford some check, although perhaps but a slight
one, on the distribution of the medals. When I have urged the
expediency of the practice, I have been answered by excuses, that
the list could not be made up in time for the volume. If this is
true of the first part, they might appear with the second; and
even if this were impracticable, the plan of prefixing them to
the volume of the succeeding year, would be preferable to that of
omitting them altogether. The true reason, however, appeared at
last. It was objected to the plan, that by the present
arrangement, the porter of the Royal Society took round the list
to those members resident in London, and got from some of them a
remuneration, in the shape of a Christmas-box; and this would be
lost, if the time of printing were changed. [During the printing
of this chapter, a friend, on whom I had called, complained that
the porter of the Royal Society had demanded half-a-crown for
leaving the list.] Such are the paltry interests to which those
of the Royal Society are made to bow.
Another point on which information ought to be given in each
volume, is the conditions on which the distribution of the
Society’s medals are made. It is
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