Decline of Science in England by Charles Babbage (red white royal blue txt) 📖
- Author: Charles Babbage
- Performer: -
Book online «Decline of Science in England by Charles Babbage (red white royal blue txt) 📖». Author Charles Babbage
unexplored, has connected him by friendship with almost all the
most celebrated philosophers of the age; whilst the polished
amenity of his manners, and that intense desire of acquiring and
of spreading knowledge, which so peculiarly characterizes his
mind, renders him accessible to all strangers, and insures for
them the assistance of his counsel in their scientific pursuits,
and the advantage of being made known to all those who are
interested or occupied in similar inquiries.
Professor Lichtenstein, (Director of the Museum of Zoology,) as
secretary of the academy, was indefatigable in his attentions,
and most ably seconded the wishes of its distinguished president.
These two gentlemen, assisted by several of the residents at
Berlin, undertook the numerous preliminary arrangements necessary
for the accommodation of the meeting.
On the 18th of September, 1828, there were assembled at Berlin
377 members of the academy, whose names and residences (in
Berlin) were printed in a small pamphlet, and to each name was
attached a number, to indicate his seat in the great concert
room, in which the morning meetings took place. Each member was
also provided with an engraved card of the hall of meeting, on
which the numbers of the seats were printed in black ink, and his
own peculiar seat marked in red ink, so that every person
immediately found his own place, and knew where to look for any
friend whom he might wish to find.
At the hour appointed for the opening of the meeting, the members
being assembled, and the galleries and orchestra being filled by
an assemblage of a large part of the rank and beauty of the
capital, and the side-boxes being occupied by several branches of
the royal family, and by the foreign ambassadors, the session of
the academy was opened by the eloquent address of the president.
SPEECH made at the Opening of the Society of German Naturalists
and Natural Philosophers at Berlin, the 18th of September, 1828.
- By ALEXANDER VON HUMBOLDT.
Since through your choice, which does me so much honour, I am
permitted to open this meeting, the first duty which I have to
discharge is one of gratitude. The distinction which has been
conferred on him who has never yet been able to attend your
excellent society, is not the reward of scientific efforts, or of
feeble and persevering attempts to discover new phenomena, or to
draw the light of knowledge from the unexplored depths of nature.
A finer feeling, however, directed your attention to me. You have
assured me, that while, during an absence of many years, and in a
distant quarter of the globe, I was labouring in the same cause
with yourselves, I was not a stranger in your thoughts. You have
likewise greeted my return home, that, by the sacred tie of
gratitude, you might bind me still longer and closer to our
common country.
What, however, can the picture of this, our native land, present
more agreeable to the mind, than the assembly which we receive
to-day for the first time within our walls; from the banks of the
Neckar, the birth-place of Kepler and of Schiller, to the
remotest border of the Baltic plains; from hence to the mouths of
the Rhine, where, under the beneficent influence of commerce, the
treasuries of exotic nature have for centuries been collected and
investigated, the friends of nature, inspired with the same zeal,
and, urged by the same passion, flock together to this assembly.
Everywhere, where the German language is used, and its peculiar
structure affects the spirit and disposition of the people. From
the Great European Alps, to the other side of the Weichsel,
where, in the country of Copernicus, astronomy rose to renewed
splendour; everywhere in the extensive dominions of the German
nation we attempt to discover the secret operations of nature,
whether in the heavens, or in the deepest problems of mechanics,
or in the interior of the earth, or in the finely woven tissues
of organic structure.
Protected by noble princes, this assembly has annually increased
in interest and extent. Every distinction which difference of
religion or form of government can occasion is here annulled.
Germany manifests itself as it were in its intellectual unity;
and since knowledge of truth and performance of duty are the
highest object of morality, that feeling of unity weakens none of
the bonds which the religion, constitution, and laws of our
country, have rendered dear to each of us. Even this emulation in
mental struggles has called forth (as the glorious history of our
country tells us,) the fairest blossoms of humanity, science, and
art.
The assembly of German naturalists and natural philosophers since
its last meeting, when it was so hospitably received at Munich,
has, through the flattering interest of neighbouring states and
academies, shone with peculiar lustre. Allied nations have
renewed the ancient alliance between Germany and the ancient
Scandinavian North.
Such an interest deserves acknowledgment the more, because it
unexpectedly increases the mass of facts and opinions which are
here brought into one common and useful union. It also recalls
lofty recollections into the mind of the naturalist. Scarcely
half a century has elapsed since Linne appears, in the boldness
of the undertakings which he has attempted and accomplished, as
one of the greatest men of the last century. His glory, however
bright, has not rendered Europe blind to the merits of Scheele
and Bergman. The catalogue of these great names is not completed;
but lest I shall offend noble modesty, I dare not speak of the
light which is still flowing in richest profusion from the North,
nor mention the discoveries in the chemical nature of substances,
in the numerical relation of their elements, or the eddying
streams of electro-magnetic powers. [The philosophers here
referred to are Berzelius and Oersted.] May those excellent
persons, who, deterred neither by perils of sea or land, have
hastened to our meeting from Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Holland,
England, and Poland, point our the way to other strangers in
succeeding years, so that by turns every part of Germany may
enjoy the effects of scientific communication with the different
nations of Europe.
But although I must restrain the expression of my personal
feelings in presence of this assembly, I must be permitted at
least to name the patriarchs of our national glory, who are
detained from us by a regard for those lives so dear to their
country;—Goethe, whom the great creations of poetical fancy have
not prevented from penetrating the ARCANA of nature, and who now
in rural solitude mourns for his princely friend, as Germany for
one of her greatest ornaments;—Olbers, who has discovered two
bodies where he had already predicted they were to be found;—the
greatest anatomists of our age—Soemmering, who, with equal zeal,
has investigated the wonders of organic structure, and the spots
and FACULAE of the sun, (condensations and openings of the
photosphere;) Blumenbach, whose pupil I have the honour to be,
who, by his works and his immortal eloquence, has inspired
everywhere a love of comparative anatomy, physiology, and the
general history of nature, and who has laboured diligently for
half a century. How could I resist the temptation to adorn my
discourse with names which posterity will repeat, as we are not
favoured with their presence?
These observations on the literary wealth of our native country,
and the progressive developement of our institution, lead us
naturally to the obstructions which will arise from the
increasing number of our fellow-labourers, The chief object of
this assembly does not consist, as in other societies whose
sphere is more limited, in the mutual interchange of treatises,
or in innumerable memoirs, destined to be printed in some general
collection. The principal object of this Society is, to bring
those personally together who are engaged in the same field of
science. It is the immediate, and therefore more obvious
interchange of ideas, whether they present themselves as facts,
opinions, or doubts. It is the foundation of friendly connexion
which throws light on science, adds cheerfulness to life, and
gives patience and amenity to the manners.
In the most flourishing period of ancient Greece, the distinction
between words and writing first manifested itself most strongly
amongst a race, which had raised itself to the most splendid
intellectual superiority, and to whose latest descendants, as
preserved from the shipwreck of nations, we still consecrate our
most anxious wishes. It was not the difficulty of interchange of
ideas alone, nor the want of German science, which has spread
thought as on wings through the world, and insured it a long
continuance, that then induced the friends of philosophy and
natural history in Magna Graecia and Asia Minor to wander on long
journeys. That ancient race knew the inspiring influence of
conversation as it extemporaneously, freely, and prudently
penetrates the tissue of scientific opinions and doubts. The
discovery of the truth without difference of opinion is
unattainable, because the truth, in its greatest extent, can
never be recognized by all, and at the same time. Each step,
which seems to bring the explorer of nature nearer to his object,
only carries him to the threshold of new labyrinths. The mass of
doubt does not diminish, but spreads like a moving cloud over
other and new fields; and whoever has called that a golden
period, when difference of opinions, or, as some are accustomed
to express it, the disputes of the learned, will be finished, has
as imperfect a conception of the wants of science, and of its
continued advancement, as a person who expects that the same
opinions in geognosy, chemistry, or physiology, will be
maintained for several centuries.
The founders of this society, with a deep sense of the unity of
nature, have combined in the completest manner, all the branches
of physical knowledge, and the historical, geometrical, and
experimental philosophy. The names of natural historian and
natural philosopher are here, therefore, nearly synonimous,
chained by a terrestrial link to the type of the lower animals.
Man completes the scale of higher organization. In his
physiological and pathological qualities, he scarcely presents to
us a distinct class of beings. As to what has brought him to this
exalted object of physical study, and has raised him to general
scientific investigation, belongs principally to this society.
Important as it is not to break that link which embraces equally
the investigation of organic and inorganic nature, still the
increasing ties and daily developement of this institution
renders it necessary, besides the general meeting which is
destined for these halls, to have specific meetings for single
branches of science. For it is only in such contracted circles,
—it is only among men whom reciprocity of studies has brought
together, that verbal discussions can take place. Without this
sort of communication, would the voluntary association of men in
search of truth be deprived of an inspiring principle.
Among the preparations which are made in this city for the
advancement of the society, attention has been principally paid
to the possibility of such a subdivision into sections. The hope
that these preparations will meet with your approbation, imposes
upon me the duty of reminding you, that, although you had
entrusted to two travellers, equally, the duty of making these
arrangements, yet it is to one alone, my noble friend, M.
Lichtenstein, that the merit of careful precaution and
indefatigable activity is due. Out of respect to the scientific
spirit which animates the Society of German Naturalists and
Natural Philosophy, and in acknowledgment of the utility of their
efforts, government have seconded all our wishes with the
greatest cheerfulness.
In the vicinity of the place of meeting, which has in this manner
been prepared for our general and special labours, are situated
the museums dedicated to anatomy, zoology, oryctognosy, and
geology. They exhibit to the naturalist a rich mine
Comments (0)