A Manual of the Malay language by Sir Maxwell William Edward (fantasy novels to read .TXT) đ
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He is not my childâ Bukan-lah iya anak hamba.
He will not comeâ Dia taâ mahu datang.
I asked him a great many times, but he would notâ Sahaya minta bÄrapa kali tiada dia mahu.
There are no fish in the marketâ Tâada ikan di pasar.
I do not know where he has goneâ Antah ka-mana pergi-nia.
There is no saying how many of them diedâ Antah ber-apa baniak-nia yang mati.
It cannot be otherwiseâ Taâ dapat tiada.
He cannot enterâ Dia taâbulih masok.
Do not goâ Jangan pergi.
Do not believe what people sayâ Jangan perchaya akan perkata-an orang.
Shall I enter the house or not?â Masok-kah aku dalam rumah atau jangan-kah?
So far from obtaining it, we did not even see itâ Jangan-kan dapat, me-lihat-pun tidak.
Not to speak of you, of me, even, they are afraidâ Jangan-kan tuan, hamba-tuan pun dia orang takut.
Exercise.He said no. That conduct is not proper. He cannot write. The children are not in the house. So far from getting a pony-carriage, we cannot even get a bullock-cart. Not to speak of the night, by day even people are afraid to go there. There is no saying how it happened. Do not go near. Shall I give the fruit to the woman or not? There are not many horses here. Do you not know that? The Chinaman will not say yes or no. Do not be afraid. If the seed is good it cannot but be that the fruit is good also. The wind was of no ordinary force (kuat).
New words in this Lesson to be learned by heart.Beautiful, beauty, molek; dead, to die, mati; to believe, perchaya; saying, speech, per-kata-an (from kata, to say); to fear, takut; to write, tulis; night, malam; daylight, siyang; seed, biji; doing, making, fabrication, manufacture, buat-an (from buat, to do, to make); to go away, go home, pulang.
LESSON VII. On the Use of Prepositions.For a list of the most useful prepositions see supra, p. 63.
Examples.We are going up the mountainâ Kita handak naik ka-atas gunong.
For every orlong (land-measure) ten centsâ Pada satu orlong sa-puloh duit.3
The clerks who are under himâ Krani-krani yang di-bawah-nia.
Many people have settled at that placeâ Baniak orang sudah masok di tampat itu.
He saw it from outsideâ Deri luar iya me-lihat-kan.
People have remarked upon the subject before me (in my presence)â Ada juga orang ter-kenang-kan hal itu di hadap-an sahaya.
The Raja gave a present to himâ Raja membÄri hadia kapada-nia.
Che Ismail has made preparations for marrying his daughter to (with) Haji Daudâ Che Ismail sudah siap handak me-nikaáž„-kan anak-nia dengan Haji Daud.
They were sentenced by the judgeâ Di-áž„ukum-kan uleh áž„akim.
Among the four men three were wounded and one ran awayâ Di-dalam ampat orang itu tiga luka satu lari.
I want to know about that affairâ Sahaya handak tahu deri-pada hal itu.
The case was begun on the first day of the monthâ Kapada satu hari bulan di-mula-i bichara-nia.
With great hasteâ Dengan sangat gopoh.
He has gone towards the kitchenâ Sudah dia jalan sa-bÄlah dapor.
On both sides of the roadâ Antara ka-dua bÄlah jalan.
Regarding the subject of that documentâ Akan hal surat itu.
After a few daysâ Lepas sadikit hari.
He was buried near his fatherâ Di-ážłubur-kan dÄkat ayah-nia.
According to their circumstancesâ Atas ážładar-nia.
According to his strengthâ Sa-kadar kuasa-nia.
Go to your masterâ Pergi sama tuan kamu.
He inquired about a murderâ Dia preážłsa fasal bunoh.
Another version behind your backâ Balik bÄlakang lain bichara.
Between earth and skyâ Antara bumi dan langit.
To walk through the waterâ Ber-jalan trus ayer.
For the sake of Godâ Karana Allah.
As far as the cross-roadsâ Hingga sempang jalan.
Until nowâ Sampei sakarang.
Exercise.He lives upon the hill. On the tenth day of the month. They came before the raja. His master gave a dollar to him. He was buried by his brothers. After that all went away. Among those ten persons six are men and four are women. As regards the subject of that case, inquiry is now being made. Each man received according to his circumstances. In which direction has he gone, towards the right or towards the left? Between the house and the river. How much will you receive for every pikul of tin? The dogs are under the house. They sat upon the ground. He arrived at that place with fifteen men. They remained until night.
The following words used in this lesson should be committed to memory:â
Clerk, krani; place, tampat; affair, subject, hal; gift, present, hadia; judge, áž„akim; order, sentence, áž„ukum; case, negotiation, bichara; hurried, haste, gopoh; kitchen, dapor; a grave, ážłubur; to bury, ážłubur-kan; rate, condition, circumstances, ážładar; strength, power, kuasa; the back, bÄlakang; the earth, bumi; God, Allah; fork (of a road), sempang; side, bÄlah.
To ascend, naik; to reflect, consider, kenang; wounded, to wound, luka; to marry, nikaáž„; to give in marriage, nikaáž„-kan; to examine, inquire into, preážłsa; to kill, bunoh; to receive, tÄrima.
3. In Penang 1 duit = 1 cent.; in Singapore and Malacca Πcent.
LESSON VIII. On the Words Sudah and Habis. Substantives.a lock, kunchi.
a key, anak kunchi.
accounts, kira-kira.
skill, ka-pandei-an.
anger, ka-marah-an.
small-pox, ka-tumboh-an.
loss, rugi.
disease, penyakit.
an egg, tÄlor.
an axe, kapak.
the foot, kaki.
cold (in the head), sardi.
dagger, kris, kris.
rocks, reef, karang.
a fine, denda.
blemish, chachat.
Verbs.to lock, kunchi-kan.
to try, attempt, choba.
to expend, bÄlanja.
to be silent, diam.
to break, pechah.
to stab, tikam.
to beat, pukul.
to be destroyed, binasa.
to burn, bakar; burnt, ter-bakar.
to be angry, marah.
to loose, lepas; loosed ter-lepas.
to disobey, bantah.
to cheat, tipu.
to be damaged, rosak.
to rob, samun.
to bite (as a snake), pagut.
Adjectives.guilty, salah.
black, hitam.
slow, lambat.
rotten, busuk.
severe, tÄrok.
fit, suitable, probable, harus.
Adverbs.quickly, lÄkas.
slowly, perlahan.
Sudah is classed as an adverb, but its most common use is to serve as a kind of auxiliary verb in forming the past tenses. It is translateable, according to the context, by the words and phrases, has, had; has, have, and had been, or become; done, finished, completed, &c.
Habis signifies done, finished, exhausted, expended; utterly, completely. The use of these words with verbs will be seen from the following examples:â
Examples.Have you locked the door?â Sudah kunchi-kan pintu-kah?
I haveâ Sudah.
When I reached the house he was already there (lit. had become present before)â Tatkala sahaya sampei di rumah dia sudah ada dahulu.
It is not yet finishedâ Belum sudah.
It is half finished (just being finished)â Tengah handak sudah.
Nearly finishedâ Dekat mahu sudah.
Long agoâ Lama sudah.
A month ago, more or lessâ Lebih korang saâbulan sudah.
That is enoughâ Sudah-lah.
It has gone badâ Sudah busuk.
It is overâ Sudah habis.
His father is an old man (has become old)â Bapa-nia sudah tuah.
Try to complete thisâ Choba-lah bagi sudah.
He understands (has arrived at understanding) accounts very wellâ Pasal kira-kira sudah iya harti baik-baik.
Now it is (has become) nearâ Sakarang sudah dÄkat.
They are all dead and goneâ Sumua-nia mati habis.
Entirely destroyedâ Habis binasa.
It is all spentâ Sudah bÄlanja habis.
When he had finished speakingâ Apabila sudah habis chakap.
All were quite silentâ Habis-lah diam sumua.
The utmost of his skillâ Sa-habis ka-pandei-an dia.
Exercise.He is dead. He died long ago. He had made preparations for going away. Are they all ready? The workman says that the box is not yet finished. He has gone to Malacca. I have seen this before. The tea is finished. All the eggs are broken. The house was entirely burnt. He spent all his fatherâs money. Finish that quickly. They have gone back to their own country. That house is nearly finished. I arrived here a year ago. When you have finished writing that letter go home. It is now at a distance. I am just finishing this letter.
LESSON IX. On the Verb KÄna.KÄna, in the sense of âto incur,â is frequently used with other words to express the passive mood. Thus, instead of âhe was fined,â Malays will say âhe incurred a fine;â instead of âhe was blamed,â âhe incurred anger.â KÄna also means to touch, strike, hit, affect. KÄna apa? âaffected by what?â is frequently pronounced as a single word, kenapa, meaning âwhy?â
He was prosecutedâ Dia kÄna bichara.
They were sentenced to five years eachâ KÄna hukum atas saâorang lima tahun.
He incurred the displeasure of his fatherâ Dia kÄna ka-marah-an deri-pada bapa-nia.
The axe slipped in his hand and took effect on the back of his legâ Ter lepas di tangan kapak itu, kÄna di bÄlakang kaki-nia.
Those who have not yet had small-poxâ Orang yang belum kÄna ka-tumboh-an.4
If any one disobeys he will be fined five dollarsâ Kalau ada siapa ban tah nanti kÄna denda lima ringgit.
I have been cheatedâ Sahaya sudah kÄna tipu.
He has been found guiltyâ Dia sudah kÄna salah.
He died of a snake-biteâ Dia mati kÄna pagut ular.
That wonât do (does not hit it)â Taâ kÄna bagitu.
Donât go there, you may be injuredâ Jangan pergi sana, barangkali kÄna satu apa-apa.
I am always catching coldâ Salalu sahaya kÄna sardi.5
If the medicine does not take effect it is likely that the disease will take a long time to be cured (i.e., the patient will probably die)â Kalau tiada kÄna ubat-nia harus juga lambat baik penyakit itu.
4. The Malay word for small-pox differs in various localities. In Penang the common word is ka-tumboh-an (lit. eruption); in Malacca and Singapore, chachar; in Perak, si-tawar and sakit orang baik (lit. âdisease of the good people,â a euphuism); in some parts of Borneo, puru nasi.
5. Sardi (Persian and Hindustani) is the word used by the Malays of Penang. Selesima and selimat generally mean more than a mere cold in the head.
Exercise.He died of a stab with a kris. He was put to great expense. The ship was damaged by striking on the rocks. They were fined twenty dollars each. It did not receive a single blemish. Those who disobey will be prosecuted. He was very severely beaten. What has happened to the dog that he limps like that? He has been robbed on the road. He suffered no small loss. That place wonât do. This letter has been blackened by fire. Yesterday he incurred his masterâs anger.
LESSON X. On the Verbs Buleh, Bahagi, &c.The verbs buleh, can, or to be able; bahagi, to give (lit. to divide); kasih and bÄri, to give, grant; and biar, to permit, to suffer, are frequently used to govern other verbs, which they invariably precede.
Buleh is a contraction of ber-uleh, a verb formed from the preposition uleh, by, by means of. The primary meaning of ber-uleh or buleh is to obtain, effect, and hence it has come to mean âto be able.â The original sense of the word may be seen in such sentences as ber-uleh per-minta-an, to obtain (compliance with) a request; sudah-kah buleh anak? have you had a child?
Examples.How can one know?â Mana buleh tahu?
Can you read English?â Kamu buleh-kah mem-bacha surat Inggris?
It is not to be calculatedâ Tiada-lah buleh handak di-kira-kira lagi.
Every month I remind (give to remember) himâ Tiap-tiap bulan ada hamba-tuan bÄri ingat.
To feed (lit. give to eat)â BÄri makan.
Just read that and let me hear itâ Choba bacha itu biar sahaya dengar.
I wished to speak to him, but they would not let meâ Sahaya handak chakap dengan dia orang taâ bahagi.
He informed (gave to know) the Penghuluâ Dia bÄri tahu kapada Penghulu.
Send those people awayâ Kasih pulang orang-orang itu.
Let it fallâ Biar jatoh.
Exercise.I cannot open the door. He tried to stab him, but could not touch him. Let him strike. Let the axe drop. His brother cannot understand the accounts. Let that child go back to the house. I wanted to give him a little tea, but they would not permit it. The raja sent (gave to go) messengers. He brought (gave to come) his wife and children. Can I live here? I have searched, but I cannot find it. He lets them come
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