A Manual of the Malay language by Sir Maxwell William Edward (fantasy novels to read .TXT) š
- Author: Sir Maxwell William Edward
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I will give bail for any amountā BÄr-apa bÄrat sakali-pun hamba tuan bÄrani tanggong.
Is this a man of property?ā Orang ber-harta-kah ini?
One surety is not enough; there must be two at leastā Saāorang aku taājadi sa-korang-korang mahu-lah dua orang.
Sign at this placeā Di-sini-lah turun tanda tangan.
Do you know how to write?ā Tahu-kah menyurat?
If you cannot write, make a markā Jikalau taātahu menyurat buat-lah goris tanda tangan.
That will do; you can go nowā Suda-lah, pulang-lah dahulu.
What do you call this in Malay?ā Bahasa Malayu apa kata ini?
He has done it in the English fashionā Dia sudah buat chara Inggris.
Speak loud, and let people hear youā Chakap kuat-kuat sapaya buleh orang men-dengar.
He was very much afraid (and looked) as if he were about to fall downā Takut-lah sakali dia saperti handak rÄbah ka-bawah.
His face grew very paleā Puchat sakali muka-nia.
His statement is incoherentā Taātuntu per-kata-an-nia.
He fell at his masterās feet and asked for pardonā Dia menyÄmbah kaki tuan-nia lalu me-minta ampun.
His master, being very kind-hearted, forgave himā Sebab ter-lalu morah hati tuan-nia langsong di-bÄri-nia maāaf.
Exercise.Maka jawab pelanduk āDengar-lah tuanku akan per-kata-an patek ini, ada-pun tuan yang menÄrang-kan sagala āalam dunia ini serta laut dan darat iya-itu bulan maka patek ini sa-orang hamba-nia yang di-perchaya-nia maka di-suroh-nia patek datang kapada tuanku minta khabar-kanā maka jawab raja gajah itu āapa-kah khabar-nia? Kata-kan-lah uleh-muā maka pelanduk itu-pun sambil memandang ka-langit pura-pura iya menyÄmbah bulan seraya kata-nia āadapun tuanku itu-lah bulan yang ampunya gunong dan kulam itu-pun iya-lah yang mem-buat-nia akan tampat mandi maka apabila iya pulang petang ka-langit maka di-suroh-nia jaga kulam itu dengan be-bÄr-apa singa yang garang-garang maka sebab itu-lah apa-bila di-lihat-nia tuanku ber-angkat datang kamari di-suroh-nia akan hamba mem-bÄri tahu maka apabila tuanku datang di-kulam naschaya di-bunoh-lah uleh sagala singa itu maka dosa-nia itu di-atas-nia maka sebab itu-lah iya menyuroh-kan hamba datang ini membÄri tahu tuanku sakalian menyuroh-kan balik sigraāāā.
43. Jamin, ābail,ā a word frequently heard in the Straits Settlements, is a corruption of the Hindustani zamin.
LESSON XXVIII.In which direction had we better go?ā Sa-bÄlah mana baik kita pergi?
There are numbers of snipe in the padi-fieldsā Di-bendang baniak juga burong berkik.
He has a double-barrelled gunā Dia punya snapang dua laras.
Both barrels are loadedā Sudah ber-isi ka-dua-nia.
You use very small shotā Tuan pakei pengabur yang halus sakali.
He is a very good shotā Dia pandei sakali menembak burong.
He killed two birds at one shotā Sakali me-letup mati-lah dua ekor burong.
Before we could get close the green pigeons all flew awayā Belam sÄmpat dÄkat lagi habis lari-lah burong punei sumua.
Perhaps we shall get some on the other side of that thicketā Balik sana belukar itu barang-kali dapat kÄlak.
One of its wings is broken.ā Patah-lah sayap sa-bÄlah.
It is not hitā TaākÄna.
It is wounded slightlyā KÄna juga sadikit.
It has settled on the groundā Sudah hinggap di tanah.
It has perched on a cocoanut treeā Sudah hinggap di pokok nior.
Donāt speak: how can you expect to get near a wild animal if you make a noise?ā Jangan ber-mulut, benatang liyar bukan-kah, jikalau engar-engar macham mana handak dÄkat.
The elephant received a ball in his head, and immediately droppedā KÄna peluru sa-biji di kapala gajah itu, lalu tumbang.
Have you ever shot a tiger?ā Ada-kah tuan dapat menembak harimau?
How many birds have you got?ā Tuan sudah buleh bÄr-apa ekor burong?
Exercise.āMaka ter-lalu-lah baniak marah-nia akan tuanku tetapi tiada mengapa segra-lah tuanku baliįø³ sapaya buleh hamba pergi mem-bujuįø³ raja bulan dan mem-baiįø³-ki hati-nia itu dan lagi pikir-lah tuan-tuan sakalian bahawa sakian lama sudah kamarau sagala kulam habis-kah ka-kÄring-an apa sebab-nia kulam44 ini baniaįø³ ayer-nia? maka sakalian ini-pun sebab kasihan hati hamba akan jiwa tuan-tuan sapaya jangan anyaya masi.ā Sa-ber-mula sa-telah di-dengar uleh raja gajah akan sagala per-kata-an pÄlanduįø³ itu maka ka-takut-an-lah iya sambil menyÄmbah ara ka-langit maka sigra-lah iya ber-balik dengan dahaga-nia. Damikian handaįø³-nia orang yang handak menjadi raja apabila di-dengar orang nama-nia menjadi ka-takut-an ada-nia.
44. Kulam, Tamil, a tank.
LESSON XXIX.Is the tide making or ebbing?ā Ayer pasang-kah surut-kah?
Is the boat ready?ā Prahu ada siap-kah?
How many people will this boat carry?ā BÄr-apa orang buleh muat di prahu ini?
Ten persons, including two rowersā Buleh muat sa-puloh orang masok anak dayong dua orang.
There is a head-wind; we cannot sailā Angin muka taābuleh ber-laiar.
Row hardā Dayong-lah kuat-kuat.
When we reach the mouth of the river, you can stop for a moment and restā Tiba di kuala sakarang buleh berhinti sa-kejap biar hilang penat.
Who is steering?ā Siapa pegang kamudi?
If one is going down-stream paddles are used; for going up-stream poles are requiredā Kalau kilir pakei pengayu kalau mudik mahu-lah ber-galah.
What kind of wood is the best for boat-building?ā Kayu mana yang ter-lebeh baik handak mem-buat prahu?
The Chinese sampan is called sampan kotak in Singaporeā Sampan China itu kata orang di Singgapura āSampan kotak.ā
Of what wood is this dug-out canoe made?ā Prahu sagor ini di-buat dengan kayu apa?
Steer straight for that pointā Tuju betul ka tanjong itu.
I shall go on shore at the landing-placeā Sahaya handak naik di darat di pengkalan.
Give me the line and let us fish a littleā Bahagi-lah tali kail biar kita mengail sakejap.
Have you got any bait?ā Umpan ada-kah?
If we have any luck we may catch some big fishā Kalau ada untong kita barang-kali dapat juga ikan besar-besar.
The spines of that fish are very poisonousā Duri ikan itu bisa sakali.
Exercise.Ada kapada suatu hari saāorang pem-buru masok ka hutan lalu mem-buru iya ber-keliling hutan itu maka lalu ber-temu-lah iya dengan saāekor kijang maka di-kejar-nia akan kijang itu serta di-panah-nia sa-telah mati maka di-angkat-nia handak di-bawa-nia pulang sa-telah sampei ka tengah jalan maka ber-temu-lah iya pula dengan saāekor babi hutan maka kijang itu-pun di-letak-kan-nia lalu di-kejar-nia akan babi hutan itu lalu di-panah-nia tiada-lah kena maka handak di-panah-nia sakali lagi maka di-terkam-lah uleh babi itu akan dia serta di-gigit-nia maka mati-lah iya ber-sama-sama dengan babi itu akan tetapi anak panah itu ada juga ter-kena kapada busar-nia yang di-tangan pem-buru itu.
LESSON XXX.He is not yet dressedā Dia bÄlum pakei kain lagi.
He is dressed like a Malayā Dia pakei chara Malayu.
Wake me to-morrow morning at six oāclockā GÄrak-kan sahaya pukul anam pagi.
I want to get up earlyā Sahaya handak bangun siyang-siyang.
He did not do it on purposeā Bukan-nia dia buat sangaja.
I was only in playā Sahaya lawak-lawak sahaja.
I was very sorry that I could not accompany youā Ter-buku hati sahaya sangat taābuleh ber-sama-sama.
What are the contents of that letter?ā Apa bunyi-nia surat itu?
Do you understand the pith of it?ā Tuan dapat-kah buku-nia?
Has any one been here to look for me?ā Ada-kah siapa-siapa datang men-chahari sahaya?
Ask that woman where the well isā Choba tanya pada perampuan itu di-mana-kah talaga.
Is this good water?ā Baik-kah ayer ini?
It is excellent water, both clear and coolā Elok sakali ayer ini, jerneh lagi sejuk.
Can we get a green cocoanut here?ā Nior muda dapat-kah di-sini?
There is no one who can climb (the tree)ā Tāada orang yang tahu panjat.
Let me climb itā Biar aku memanjat.
Have you brought cooking-utensils?ā Priuk bÄlanga sudah bawa-kah?
These sticks are damp and will not burnā Basah kayu ini taāmahu menyala.
Grind the spicesā Giling rampah-rampah.
Will you smoke?ā Tuan mahu minum rokok?
I am sleepy, and shall go to bedā Sudah mengantuk, sahaya handak masok tidor.
Did you call me?ā Tuan panggil-kah?
Exercise.Maka sagala hal itu ada-lah di-lihat uleh saāekor srigala maka ber-lari iya datang serta ber-kata ābahwa sapuloh hari lama-nia tiada-lah aku men-chahari makan-an lagiā serta datang-lah iya meng-hampir-i pem-buru itu maka di-gigit-nia tali busar itu maka tiba-tiba anak panah itu-pun datang-lah menikam srigala itu maka iya-pun mati-lah maka jikalau kita terlalu temaāa dan handak ber-lebeh-lebeh naschaya ada-lah hal kita saperti hakayat pem-buru dengan srigala itu ada-nia.
PART IV.To the more advanced lessons and exercises which are contained in this section, it may be well to prefix a few notes on colloquial Malay, which are suggested by a consciousness of some of the common errors into which European students of Malay are apt to fall.
First, Try to observe and imitate the impersonal and elliptical construction of Malay sentences. Notice how much more is left to the imagination than in English, and get rid of the notion that it is necessary to express invariably by nouns or pronouns the agents or objects of the actions spoken of. Ideas are conveyed in Malay in a much less concrete form than in the civilised languages of Europe, and what is lost in accuracy and distinctness is partially compensated for by brevity.
Why say kasih sama sahaya (lit. āgive to meā), in imitation of the English give me, or the French donnez-moi, or the German geben sie mir, in all of which the pronoun is expressed, when a Malay would simply say bahagi-lah, give, or bawa, bring? It is easy enough to leave tone or gesture to supply any deficiency in meaning. The constant use of this phrase, sama sahaya, or sama kita, is a bad habit, which arises from a natural desire to give the word āmeā its due value in Malay. This, as has been shown, is not necessary.
Examples.Tell me; donāt be afraidā Bilang-lah, jangan takut; not, bilang sama sahaya, &c.
What are you going to give us?ā Apa mahu bahagi? not, apa mahu bahagi sama kita?
How much must I pay you?ā BÄr-apa nanti kÄna bayar? not, bÄr-apa sahaya mahu bayar sama angkau?
I want him to make me a jacketā Sahaya handak suroh dia buat baju; not, sahaya handak suroh dia buat baja sama sahaya.
Can you make me a table?ā Buleh-kah buat meja? not, buleh-kah buat meja sama sahaya.
Afterwards come and tell meā Lepas itu mari-lah khabar-kan; not, mari bilang sama sahaya.
In direct narration the personal pronoun āIā should often be left untranslated, and the sentence put in an impersonal form. We are accustomed to commence sentences frequently with āI think,ā āI hear,ā āI hope,ā āI wish,ā and there is a temptation therefore to overload Malay sentences with āSahaya fikir,ā āSahaya dengar khabar,ā &c. These, though not ungrammatical, should be used sparingly. Rasa-nia, the feeling is, agak-nia, the guess is, rupa-nia, the appearance is (it seems), khabar-nia, the report is, and similar phrases, should often take their place.
Examples.Instead ofā I am told, or people tell me, Orang bilang sama sahaya; Say, People say, Kata orang.
Instead ofā I hear that he is coming here, Sahaya dengar khabar dia handak mari sini; Say, He is coming here, the report goes, Dia handak kamari khabar-nia.
Instead ofā I think there are five quarts, Sahaya fikir ada lima chupah; Say, There are five quarts, the estimate is, Ada lima chupah agak-nia.
Instead ofā I think it is going to rain, Sahaya fikir hari handak hujan; Say, It is going to rain, it seems, Hari handak hujan rupa-nia.
Instead ofā I like driving better than walking, Sahaya lagi suka naik kreta deri-pada jalan kaki; Say, It is better to drive than to walk, Baik ber-kreta deri-pada ber-jalan.
Note the impersonal way of putting the statement in the following sentences:ā
I was very glad to hear itā Sangat-lah suka hati sahaya akan men-dengar.
I very much wish to go to Meccahā Niat hati sahaya handak pergi ka-Makah.
I should be doing wrong to receive it, and I am ashamed to return itā Handak tÄrima salah, handak pulang-kan malu.
I was disappointedā Putus-lah harap sahaya.
I hope sincerely that the case will soon be decidedā Besar-lah harap sahaya bichara itu akan di-putus-kan dengan sigra.
I have made up my mind that, however great the oppression may be, I will hold outā Tetap-lah hati sahaya bageimana bÄrat sakali-pun handak tahan juga.
Second, Avoid word-for-word translations of English sentences in which the word āyouā occurs. So much has been said on this subject already (supra, pp. 49, 75) that it is only necessary here to give a few additional illustrations of the mode in which Malays dispense with the pronoun. In most English and Malay phrase-books the use of angkau is far too frequent.
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