A Manual of the Malay language by Sir Maxwell William Edward (fantasy novels to read .TXT) đ
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Request, per-minta-an, from minta, to ask; messenger, lit. one ordered, penyuroh, from suroh, to order; to remember, ingat; to read, bacha; to fall, jatoh; every, tiap-tiap.
LESSON XI. On the Verbs Langsong, Lalu, &c.In describing a proceeding which involves motion to a place or continuous action on the part of some person or thing, it is common to use the words langsong, lanjar or lanchar, and lalu, to proceed, go, direct oneâs course. Their signification in a sentence is not easily translateable in English, but it is perhaps best rendered by the English idiom, to go and do a thing. Sometimes the effect is that of the adverbs âimmediately,â âat last,â âincontinently,â âforthwith,â âaltogether.â Langsong is generally used in Penang, but in Perak the Malays generally use lanjar in the same sense.
Examples.Intending to cook (food), to go and burn itâ Handak masak langsong hangus.
He went to Meccah and never returnedâ Dia pergi ka-Makah lanjar taâ balik.
The pony fell down and immediately diedâ RÄbah kuda itu langsong mati.
He journeyed to Singapore and thence on to Johorâ Ber-laiar-lah dia ka-Singgapura lalu ka-Johor.
He spat it out and then went and licked it up againâ Sudah ludah lalu di-jilat (a proverb).
He took a knife and forthwith stabbed himâ Dia ambil pisau langsong tikam.
He visited the districts down the river and thence went on to Kamparâ Dia pergi ka-daira rantau hilir, lanjar ka-Kampar.
He has gone altogetherâ Dia sudah pergi langsong.
Lalu is often used in the sense of âcan,â âable,â instead of buleh.
I cannot do itâ Sahaya taâ lalu buat.
For a day or two past she has been unable to eatâ Sudah satu dua hari dia taâ lalu makan nasi.6
Will fish swallow a bare hook?â Ada-kah ikan lalu me-makan mata kail sahaja?
Exercise.He got up and forthwith went away. He was very angry, and at once ordered him to go out. The ship struck on a rock and immediately sunk. He ate rice and then went to sleep. He stabbed him twice and immediately ran away. He came out of the house and at once fell down. He returned to his country and died there. Do you intend to go direct to Johor?
To cook, masak; to burn, hangus; to fall down, rÄbah; to return, balik; to spit, ludah; to lick, jilat; to take, ambil; to eat, makan; to go out, kaluar; to sink, tinggalam; a sail, laiar; to sail; ber-laiar; a knife, pisau; a district, daira; rice, bÄras; boiled rice, nasi; fish-hook, mata kail; reach of a river, rantau; down-stream, hilir; up-stream, hulu.
6. Makan nasi, eat rice. Malays do not, like us, say simply eat, read, write. It is more idiomatic to say, eat rice, read book, write letter.
LESSON XII. On the Words Sampat and Dan.Sampat, to be able, competent to, opportunity, fit time; and dan, occasion, opportunity, fit time, are two useful words which are employed with verbs in much the same manner as buleh, lalu, &c.
In some parts of the peninsula (Perak, for example), sampang is used instead of sampat.
These words are used more generally to state a negative proposition than an affirmative one.
Examples.They are not able to standâ Tiada-lah sampat iya ber-diri.
There was not time (for the fire) to spread to the inner part of the house, but (it was confined) to the cook-roomâ Tiada sampang di-makan sampei ka-dalam rumah hania sa-bÄlah dapor sahaja.
There was no time to render assistanceâ Tiada dan di-tulong.
He is not in a position to resistâ Tiada sampat iya me-lawan.
I was not in time to see him; he had already startedâ Taâdan ber-jumpa, sudah dia jalan dahulu.
Such of them as could not gain the shoreâ Barang yang tiada sampat naik ka-darat.
Exercise.He ran away before I was able to seize him. They were unable to run away, for people seized them. He went away quickly, so I had no time to see him. That place is very far off; there is not time to reach it in one day. He fell down and died before one could render assistance. Yesterday I was in a great hurry and had not time to finish what I was saying. There is not time to finish it in two days. Before I could stand up he struck me.
To stand, ber-diri; except, but, hania; to help, tulong; to resist, oppose, lawan; to meet, jumpa; land, darat; any, some, each, every, barang.
PART III.The preceding lessons, it is hoped, will have explained and illustrated in some degree the construction of sentences in Malay. It is now proposed to give a series of useful words and phrases applicable for the most part to common domestic incidents, so that the student may at once have at command the phrases most likely to be required in speaking to native servants. Unfortunately for the purity of the dialect spoken at the British settlements in the Straits of Malacca, the majority of the domestic servants there are foreigners (natives of India, Chinese, Javanese, &c.), who seldom speak Malay well, either as regards style or pronunciation. It is assumed that the student aims at something more than clothing foreign idioms with Malay words, and he should be on his guard therefore against the errors of people of this class. Facility of expression and the accurate use of idioms can only be acquired by much practice in speaking with Malays, and by attentive study of Malay authors.
LESSON XIII.dinner,
luncheon, Bawa makan-an.1
Put bread on the tableâ Taroh roti di-atas meja.2
Is there any milk?â Susu ada-kah?
A little sugarâ Gula sadikit.
Shut the doorâ Tutup (or katup) pintu.
Open the windowâ Buka jandela3 (or tingkap).
Light the candleâ Pasang4 dian5 (or lilin).
Put out the lampâ Padam palita.6
I am very hungryâ Sahaya lapar sangat.
Have you eaten rice?â Sudah makan nasi?
What will you drink, sir?â Tuan apa handak minum?
Go quicklyâ Pergi lakas.
Donât be longâ Jangan lambat.
Call him hereâ Panggil din ka-mari.
Tell him to come hereâ Ajak dia kamari.
Tell him I want to speak to himâ Khabar-kan dia sahaya handak chakap sadikit.
Donât make a noiseâ Jangan engar-engar.
Go to the rightâ Pergi ka-kanan.
Go towards the rightâ Pergi sa-bÄlah kanan.
Turn to the leftâ Pusing sa-bÄlah kiri.
Comeâ Mari. Mari-lah.
Come hereâ Mari sini. Mari di-sini. Mari-lah ka-mari.
Come nearâ Mari dÄkat.
Come quite nearâ Mari dÄkat-dÄkat.
Exercise.Bring some bread. Where are you going? Light the lamp quickly. Bring tea, sugar, and milk. Put two candles on the table. Is there any coffee? When you reach the cross-roads turn to the right. Eat first and then go. Donât tell any one. Who is making a noise outside? He told him to come quite near. Light the lamp and then shut all the windows.
1. Lit. eatables. Sometimes the Hindustani word hazri is used for breakfast.
2. Meza or meja, table, is borrowed from the Persian.
3. Jandela is from the Portuguese janella, and is applied to the windows of the houses of Europeans. Tingkap is the window or window-shutter of a native house.
4. Pasang signifies to give action to, to apply.
5. Dian is the better word. Lilin is literally wax.
6. Palita, in Hindustani (corrupted from the Persian patilah), signifies the match of a gun, a candle, a wick used in sorcery.
LESSON XIV.I want a servant (lit. a hired man)â Sahaya handak chahari orang gaji saâorang.
Where did you work before?â Di-mana kerja dahulu?
What wages do you want per month?â BÄr-apa mahu gaji pada sa-bulan?
I will give seven dollars a monthâ Sahaya handak kasih tujoh ringgit sa-bulan.
Take careâ Jaga baik-baik.
Hold it quite straightâ Pegang-lah betul-betul.
Steady now; donât let it slantâ Baik-baik-lah jangan singet.
Donât forgetâ Jangan lupa.
Call the syceâ Panggil sais.7
Have you cleaned the horse?â Kuda sudah gosok-kah?
Just as you pleaseâ Mana suka tuan.
Just as you may orderâ Mana hukum tuan.
What oâclock is it (lit. Has struck how many times)?â Sudah pukul bÄr-apa?
It has struck twelveâ Sudah pukul dua-bÄlas.
It is half-past tenâ Sudah pukul sa-puloh sa-tengah.
It wants a quarter to oneâ Pukul satu korang suku.
Take away those shoesâ Bawa pergi kasut8 itu.
Take away all the thingsâ Angkat-lah perkakas-an sumua.
Get the carriage readyâ Siap-kan kreta,9 or sedia-kan-lah kreta.
Have you ordered the carriage?â Kreta sudah suroh pasang-kah?
Put the horse toâ KÄna-kan kuda.
A pair of horsesâ Kuda sa-pasang.
Saddle the black horseâ Bubok zin10 diatas kuda hitam.
Bring the riding-horseâ Bawa kuda tunggang.
Exercise.Get dinner ready. How much do you give your syce a month? At two oâclock or half-past two, just as you like. I intend to dine at seven oâclock; donât forget. Hold it carefully, and donât let it fall. Where are all the servants? Have you ordered the syce to saddle the horse? Take care; this horse is rather vicious. At what time shall I get the carriage ready? I shall return at five oâclock. Call some one to hold the horse. I have brought one pair of shoes.
7. Saâis (Hindustani, derived from Arabic), groom, horsekeeper.
8. Kasut is the native word, but sapatu (Portuguese sapato) is also extensively used to signify boots and shoes of European pattern.
9. Kreta, Portuguese carreta.
10. Zin, Hindustani and Persian. Palana (Hindustani and Persian patan, a pack-saddle) and sela (Portuguese sella) are also used.
LESSON XV.Is the cook there?â Tukang11 masak ada-kah?
I keep one grass-cutter for every two horsesâ Pada dua-dua ekor kuda sahaya upah tukang-rumput saâorang.
The gardener does not work on Fridayâ Hari jumaâat tukang-kabun tiada kerja.
Be good enough to order two pairs of shoes at the shoemakerâsâ Tulong-lah pÄsan pada tukang-kasut dua pasang kasut.
What I want are shoes that lace upâ Yang sahaya handak itu, kasut yang ber-tali.
Where does the goldsmith live?â Di-mana tinggal tukang-mas?
Look out for some good carpenterâ ChÄhari-lah tukang-kayu mana-mana satu yang pandei sadikit.
How much must I pay the blacksmith?â BÄrapa handak baiar kapada tukang bÄsi?
The painter says it will be finished in two daysâ Kata tukang-chat lagi dua hari habis-lah.
It must be here at two oâclock without failâ Mahu ada di-sini jam pukul dua, taâ bulih tidak.
I am sorry that so-and-so has not comeâ Sayang-lah si-anu taâ datang.
What a pity!â Kasih-an!
Poor old man!â Kasihan-lah orang tuah!
On what day will the washerman come?â Hari mana dobi12 handak datang?
I will not give itâ Sahaya taâ mahu kasih.
He asks too muchâ Dia minta ter-lampau baniak.
He asks too long a priceâ Dia minta mahal sangat.
Speak slowlyâ Chakap perlahan-perlahan.
Has he brought anything?â Sudah dia bawa apa-apa?
Exercise.What has the cook brought? Tell the washerman to come in three days. How much does he ask? Why is the gardener not working? The shoemaker was not at his house. Have you called the blacksmith? When will you give it to me? If you speak slowly I can understand. I do not want the carriage to-day. Be good enough to call the grass-cutter. Poor little child! The black horse is dead. I am sorry about that horse. Did he demand anything?
11. Tukang. This word in Malay corresponds to our âfellow,â the Hindustani wala and the Tamul karen. When used, as in the examples above given, as part of a compound, it signifies agent, doer, keeper.
12. Dhobi is Hindustani; binara, washerman, is the most idiomatic term, but tukang-basoh is often heard, also, in Batavia, tukang menatu.
LESSON XVI.Pour out the teaâ Tuang ayer teh.
This water is not hot enoughâ
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