Holocaust: The Nazi Persecution and Murder of the Jews Peter Longerich (grave mercy .TXT) 📖

AR-Z 269/60, final report, 30 Dec. 1968.

68. Judgement of the Darmstadt District Court of 29 Nov. 1968 and EM 88. Further

executions with more than 100 victims each are verifiable for Berditschew, Winniza,

Iwankow, and Taraschtscha (ZSt, 114 Ar-Z 269/60, final report, 30 Dec. 1968).

69. EM 106.

70. EM 80.

71. ZSt, II 204 AR-Z 1251/65, Besser indictment and judgement.

72. Ibid., charge sheet.

73. Ibid., charge sheet of Besser, NS 33/22, telex of the Higher SS and Police Commander

Russia South, 19 August.

74. ZSt, 204 AR-Z 1251/65, indictment.

75. Interrogation on 11 Mar. 1969 (ibid., 7, pp. 1320 ff.).

76. ZSt, 204 AR-Z 1251/65 D, final note of the Bavarian State Criminal Office, 19 Dec. 1977.

See also reports in BAB, NS 33/22, telex of the Higher SS and Police Commander South

of 21 Aug. 24 Aug. and 27 Aug. with reports on shootings by Battalion 314.

77. Pohl, ‘Schauplatz’, 148; NO 2662, Activity and Situation Report no. 11 for March 1942.

514

Notes to pages 227–229

78. Pohl, ‘Schauplatz’, p. 149; NO 2662, Activity and Situational Report no. 11 (for

Artemovsk).

79. Angrick, Besatzungspolitik, 193 ff.

80. Testimony of Nosske, 9 Apr. 1962 (StA Munich, 119 c Js 1/69, vol. 4, pp. 482 ff.);

testimony of Max Drexel, 17 Apr. 1962 (vol. 2, pp. 132 ff.), Karl Becker, 22 Sept. 1961

(vol. 3, pp. 274 ff.), and that of Erwin Harsch, 1 Dec. 1947 (vol. 7, pp. 1604 ff.). See also Angrick, Besatzungspolitik, 200 ff.; Ogorreck, Einsatzgruppen, 157 ff.

81. II 213 AR 1902/66, Main Document XI, interrogation of Nosske, 13 Mar. 1969,

pp. 2610 ff.; similarly also in ZSt, II 213 AR 1902/66, Correspondence File, vol. 2,

pp. 5, 97 ff., 24 May 1971; on Nosske’s testimony, see Ogorreck, Einsatzgruppen,

207 ff.

82. BAM, RH 20-11-488, report by the representative of the Head of the Sipo and the SD to the commander in the Rear Army Area South, 11 Sept. 1941.

83. Ioanid, Holocaust, 176 ff.

84. NOKW 1702, report from the local command post at Ananjev of 3 Sept. 1941; Angrick,

Besatzungspolitik, 232 ff.

85. NO 4992, testimony of Robert Barth, 12 Sept. 1947.

86. Angrick, Besatzungspolitik, 234.

87. StA Munich 119 c Js 1/69, indictment of 28 Oct. 1970 and judgement; testimony of

inhabitant Iwan Andrejewitsch Jordanow, 23 July 1969 (vol. 6, 705 ff.); testimony of

Erich Rohde, 3 June 1970 (vol. 5, pp. 584 ff.).

88. Ibid., testimony of Max Drexel, 17 Apr. 1962 (vol. 2, pp. 132 ff.); interrogation of Erich Rohde, 3 June 1970 (vol. 5, 584 ff.); Angrick, Besatzungspolitik, 239 ff.

89. Angrick, Besatzungspolitik, 235.

90. ZSt, 213 AR 1898/66, 12, 2777 ff., testimony of Erich Bock from 17 Mar. 1965, and 13, pp. 2800 ff., testimony of Otto-Ernst Prast from 16 Mar. 1965.

91. Ibid., indictment of 8 Mar. 1966; testimony of Zöllner, 28 Apr. 1962, 3 May. 1962 (vol.

4, pp. 934 ff.), Karl Heinrich Noa, 18 Aug. 1965 (vol. 11, pp. 2292 ff.), and Otto

Eichelbaum, 25 June 1964 (vol. 8, pp. 1888 ff.). On the participation of members of

EK 12: StA Munich, 119 c Js 1/69, testimony of Karl Becker, 22 Sept. 1961 (vol. 3,

pp. 274 ff.). See also NOKW 3233, report on the activity of SK XI a in Nikolayev

between 18 Aug. and 31 Aug. 1941; cf. Angrick, Besatzungspolitik, 241 ff.

92. StA Munich, 118 Ks 268, indictment of 8 Mar. 1966; testimony of Günther Kosanke, 12

Apr. 1962 (vol. 4, pp. 888 ff.); BAM, RH 20-11/488, report on the activity of SK 11a in

Cherson between 22 Aug. and 10 Sept. 1941. Cf. Angrick, Besatzungspolitik, 251 ff.

93. Breitman, Architect, 211 ff.; BAB, NS 19/3957.

94. EM 95. The figure of 8,890 is already mentioned in EM 89 (20 Sept. 1941).

95. EM 101 (2 Oct. 1941).

96. Ioanid, Holocaust, 177 ff.; Dora Litani, ‘The Destruction of the Jews of Odessa in the Light of Rumanian Documents’, YVS 6 (1967), 135–54. On the involvement of SK 11 see

in particular Angrick, Besatzungspolitik, 294 ff.

97. EM 116 (17 Oct. 1941).

98. Activity and Situation Report no. 6, NO 2656 (in Klein, ed., Einsatzgruppen, 222 ff., 232).

99. Angrick, Besatzungspolitik, 309–10, 311 ff., and 315–16.

Notes to pages 229–236

515

100. Ibid. 345 ff.

101. Ibid. 350 ff.

102. Ibid. 338 ff.

103. Jean Ancel, ‘The Romanian Campaign of Mass Murder in Trans-Nistria, 1941–1942’, in

Randolf Braham, ed., The Destruction of Hungarian Jewry: A Documentary Account

(New York, 1963), 87–134; Ioanid, Holocaust, 182 ff.

104. Angrick, Besatzungspolitik, 284 ff.; Ioanid, Holocaust, 187 ff.

105. Jäger Bericht, OS, 500-1-25.

106. Ibid.

107. Ibid. On this see the study compiled from witness testimony by Jakub Z. I.Wtjedni, Iz istorie Daugawpilskojo Geto, in: Daugawpilskaja jewrejsuaja obschina (Daugavpils,

1993), 287–394; testimony of Fritz Lesch, 8 July 1959 (ZSt, 204 AR-Z 21/58, pp. 2747 ff.).

108. EM 96; for the calculation see Wilhelm, Einsatzgruppe A, 113.

109. Judgement of the District Court in Ulm of 29 Aug. 1958 (¼ Sagel-Grande, Justiz und

NS-Verbrechen xv, no. 465).

110. See below, p. 235.

111. StA Riga, 1026-1-3, published as 1138-PS, IMT xxvii. 18 ff.

112. See correspondence from Tschiersky, aide in the staff of EG A to Jäger and Stahlecker, 5 Aug. 1941, and Stahlecker’s query to Heydrich of 5 Aug. 1941, both in StA Riga,

1026-1-3.

113. Draft document on the establishment of provisional guidelines for the treatment of the Jews in the area of the Reich Commissariat Ostland (MS corrections), 6 Aug. 1941, StA

Riga 1026-1-3, published in Hans Mommsen, Herrschaftsalltag im Dritten Reich.

Studien und Texte (Düsseldorf, 1988), 476.

114. This sentence was added in manuscript and replaces the original: ‘The following

solution to the Jewish problem takes account of all the angles so far explained.’

115. This last sentence was also added in manuscript.

116. Christopher Browning, ‘Beyond “Intentionalism” and “Functionalism”: The Decision

for the Final Solution Reconsidered’, in Browning, The Path to Genocide: Essays on

Launching the Final Solution (Cambridge, 1992), 110.

117. OS, 504-2-8, correspondence of 21 July and 4 August. The permission granted in

correspondence from 4 August was on 2 Aug. 1942 (according to a telex from the

RSHA to BdS Riga from 22 June 1942: ibid.; the process is also in ZSt, Documentation

USSR, no. 401). On the authorization see Wilhelm, Einsatzgruppe A, 129.

118. EM 19 and EM 21. The ghetto in Minsk was set up following an order issued on 19 July 1941.

119. EM 48.

120. IMT xxv. 302 ff., 212 PS v; dated to July or